Admissions Essay - Love Medicine :: Medicine College Admissions Essays

Admissions Essay -Love Medicine Love Medicine is a compelling figment of love, power, and pride. Its accretion of characters all tell there own story offering different opinions and views. This variety makes the story real interesting. The reader gets to know each character very personally because of all the different views. Many of the same events are described differently by each character, as expected. But this variance allows the reader to perplex his own conclusions and affords the opportunity to know the personality of everyone. The story is quite enigmatical, however, with the tremendously large and connected families. It expects, to the reader, that everyone is somehow related. This complexity can be extremely confusing and leaves the reader without a solid frame of reference when reading of other characters. The main character of the novel is difficult to identify. It appears to be June, but she is dead and, in fact, does not even come up very frequently in other conv ersation. One could argue that there are multiple main characters. They seem to be LuLu, Lipsha, and possibly Nector. All of theses characters come up very frequently and seem to be the most dynamic characters. LuLu is portrayed trying to lucre power in every aspect of her life at home, politically, and among her peers. And as it turns out, she does attain the level of power she aspires to. Lipsha seems secondary and passive until LuLu raises question of his ancestry. This dubiety sends Lipsha on a journey to find the truth. And ultimately, he comes upon a satisfactory conclusion. Nector also stands out quite a bit, mostly because he is involved with so many people. Nectors transition occurs when he decides to quit Marie and dedicate himself to LuLu. Although, his plan fails when he finds that he does not have the opportunity. Contrary to what the name implies, the main theme of the story seems to be power power to women. The men in the story are controlled, manipulated, and at tim es degraded. The most powerful characters in the novel seem to be the elders and the women. They are respected and even feared. This topic is not hidden in any way. Many of the women attest to the fact that they want the men to be subordinate to themselves. There is much allegory in the story. For instance, in the beginning, the egg is to symbolize June hard on the outside, soft and smooth on the inside.

The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn :: Essays Papers

The Adventure of Huckleberry FinnIn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain tells the story of an adolescent boy travelling down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. Huck has staged his death in order to escape his abusive, drunken father and hooks up with his foster mothers escape slave. During the adventurous journey Huck discovers many riddles with society and civilization as he encounters a variety of individuals, each of whom represent a different problem with the current social order. The pair gets caught up in various ordeals involving the people they encounter. The running theme throughout the book is Huck Finns continuing beat with his conscience concerning his relationship with the runaway slave, Jim, who has grown to be his friend and parent figure.The plot of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn involves the adventures of Huck and Jim who are on the run. Huck is escaping his drunkard father and Jim is avoiding his proposed sale. unneurotic they are rafting d own the Mississippi River, away from civilization and society. Huck has just recently come under the care of his Christian foster mother, the Widow Douglas, who is workings to undo his sinful ways and train him in a religious lifestyle. Now, as Huck grows in friendship with the black slave Jim, and they become rough-cut companions and guardians, he is faced with a moral dilemma. Should he betray Jims trust by turning him in to his rightful and legal owner or must he follow his gut feeling that he must help Jim to achieve his personal goal to acquire his freedom, even if this illegal cooperation and steal of peoples property sentences Huck to an eternity in Hell. Huck thinks to himself, I begun to get it through my head that he was most free and who was to unholy for it? Why me. . What had poor Miss Watson done to you that you could treat her so mean? Huck is filled with guilt and loses sleep over worrying about what he has done. Huck has an opportunity in Chapter XVI to turn Ji m in to a bounty hunter but he cannot go through with it and rather saves Jim by lying to the man to keep him at bay. Later, in chapter XXXI, Huck decides to write a letter to Miss Watson, divulging the whereabouts of her slave and even informing her that he, Huck, is not unfeignedly dead.

Christopher Columbus Biography :: Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher capital of Ohio was born in Genoa, Italy on August 25th 1451, and he died in Valladolid Spain on May 20th 1506. His life is filled with mystery and controversy. Even though there has been contevercy about his birth date and this birthplace, the historians have narrowed it ingest to this date and place. His childhood is another mystery. It is said that Columbus was the oldest of five children to poor wool weavers. His son has stated that Columbus had attended the University of Pavia, Columbus was a intimately observer and very well read.In 1476 Columbus traveled to Lisbon, Portugal were there he an established Genoese population, including Bartolome, he was a noted to be a mapmaker. After a couple of years Columbus sailed with the Portuguese through the Mediterranen and the Atlantic as far south as La Mina (Present sidereal day Elmaina , Ghana) and as far north as England. Columbus also made a voyage to Iceland in 1477.In 1479 Columbus married the Portuguese noblewomen Dona Felipa e Perestrello e Moriz and established land in Porto Santo were his son Diego was born in 1480. When his wife died somewhere between 1481 to 1485, Columbus returned to Lisbon. As early as 1484 Columbus got a plan to sail west from the Canary Islands to the Indies (now East Indies) and the island kingdom of Cipangu (modern day Japan). When King John II declined Columbuss Enterprises to the Indies he obstinate to go to the Spanish monarch. Columbus traveled to Cordoba, in 1488 he and his mistress had another son. Columbus presented his plan to King Ferdinan and nance Isabella two different time but both times a counsel of experts rejected his project. Columbuss ideas were made fun of by many in the court. However he received support from other powerful people, for example Luis de Santagel, chancellor of the royal household of Aragon and prior Juan Prez (the Queens confessor). As a result of this Queen Isabella approved to Columbuss project. Columbuss first was to find a short voyage to the Indies by sailing west, and the second goal was to diversify any foreign inhabitance to Christianity. There were three ships the first was the Santa Maria, which can hold up to forty sailors, The second ship is the Pinta, which held up to twenty-six sailors, and the Nina, which held twenty-four sailors. On October 12 1482 a seaman on the Pinta claimed he spotted land, his name was Rodrigo de Triana.

Argumentive Essay Against Euthanasia -- essays research papers

EuthanasiaThe mind is a terrible thing to waste, stated by anti-drug commercials. We all will all appreciate or underrate our vitality based on certain experiences we live through. Many go through dramatic experiences that make life disquieting or more strenuous than surrounding patrons do. Religious beliefs often affect the reasoning of decisions and the importance of life. Some people live in a veg status since their body is still performing, but their mind is not. The government will not allow their death since it is unconstitutional and deemed as murder. Euthanasia ends a life and is exercised regularly overseas. The immoral act of euthanasia defies humanity and the purpose of life. Some feel euthanasia needs legalization throughout the United States for vegetable patients. before long Oregon allows physician-assisted suicides if certain medical conditions are present. The Pope John Paul II stated ?A man, even if seriously sick or prevented in the exercise of its high er functions, is and will be always a man ... he will never become a vegetable or an anim...

Breast Implants :: essays research papers

Friday, 19 May, 2000, 1013 GMT 1113 UK Huge breakout rate in breast implantsMany of the inplants had rupturedAlmost seven out of ten silicone-gel breast implants scanned by researchers had developed a leak. The US Food and Drug regime (FDA) knowledge could reawaken the debate over the safety of breast implants. Many women claim that leaking silicone-gel has sparked serious illness, including chronic autoimmune disease. The FDA team used MRI scans too cipher at 344 women with implants. They found that 69% had a least one ruptured implant. And in 21%, the silicone gel contained within the implant had leaked beyond the breast into different parts of the body. In a nonher part of the study, 907 women who had undergone breast enhancement surgery were interviewed. Removed implants Recently published studies have shown that women with silicone gel-filled breast implants do not have a greatly change magnitude risk of some well-defined autoimmune diseases, which were among the serious h ealth concerns surrounding the devices. These include potentially fatal continuative tissue diseases such as scleroderma and lupus erythematosus.The new studies do not, however, rule out the possibility that a subset of women with implants may have a small increased risk of these conditions, or that some women might develop other immune-related symptoms that dont conform to classic disease descriptions.Nor did the studies address other important safety questions, including implant rupture rates and the incidence of capsular contracture (shrinking of scar tissue around the implant, which can cause painful hardening of the breast or distort its appearance). Answers to these and other questions count the results of new or ongoing studies.Widespread reports of adverse reactions to silicone gel-filled implants and a lack of evidence supporting their safety led the Food and Drug Administration to order the devices off the market in April 1992. They remained available only to women in cli nical studies, mostly women seeking breast reconstruction after breast crab louse surgery. Saline-filled implants were allowed to remain on the market for all uses.Reasons for New Studies Breast implants had been marketed since the early 1960s--several years before the first medical device law was enacted in 1976, charging FDA with pattern of medical devices. Every year, thousands of American women had implant surgery for augmentation (to enlarge or reshape their breasts) or for reconstruction following mastectomy (removal of the breast) to treat breast cancer. Most of the implants consisted of a rubber silicone envelope filled with silicone gel about 10 percent were filled with saline (salt water).

Breast Implants :: essays research papers

Friday, 19 May, 2000, 1013 GMT 1113 UK Huge rupture rate in mamilla implantsMany of the inplants had rupturedAlmost seven out of ten silicone-gel breast implants scanned by researchers had developed a leak. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) study could reawaken the debate over the safety of breast implants. Many women claim that leaking silicone-gel has sparked serious illness, including chronic autoimmune disease. The FDA team used MRI scans too look at 344 women with implants. They found that 69% had a least one ruptured implant. And in 21%, the silicone gel contained within the implant had leaked beyond the breast into other split of the body. In another part of the study, 907 women who had undergone breast enhancement surgery were interviewed. Removed implants Recently published studies adopt shown that women with silicone gel-filled breast implants do not have a greatly increased insecurity of some well-defined autoimmune diseases, which were among the serious health concerns surrounding the devices. These include potentially fatal connective interweave diseases such as scleroderma and lupus erythematosus.The youthful studies do not, however, rule out the possibility that a subset of women with implants may have a small increased risk of these conditions, or that some women might develop other immune-related symptoms that dont conform to classic disease descriptions.Nor did the studies address other important safety questions, including implant rupture smart set and the incidence of capsular contracture (shrinking of scar tissue around the implant, which can cause painful hardening of the breast or distort its appearance). Answers to these and other questions await the results of new or ongoing studies.Widespread reports of adverse reactions to silicone gel-filled implants and a lack of evidence supporting their safety led the Food and Drug Administration to order the devices off the market in April 1992. They resideed available only to wo men in clinical studies, mostly women seeking breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery. Saline-filled implants were allowed to remain on the market for all uses.Reasons for New Studies Breast implants had been marketed since the early 1960s--several years before the first health check device law was enacted in 1976, charging FDA with regulation of medical devices. Every year, thousands of American women had implant surgery for augmentation (to enlarge or reshape their breasts) or for reconstruction following mastectomy (removal of the breast) to treat breast cancer. Most of the implants consisted of a arctic silicone envelope filled with silicone gel about 10 percent were filled with saline (salt water).

Christchurch Earthquake Essay

On Tuesday 22nd of February 2011 at that place was a 6.3 magnitude seism at 1251pm. The damage in Christchurch was far more substantial than the damage caused in the 7.1 earthquake only 5 months before. 185 people were killed in the February earth quake and thousands more were injured. The epicentre of the earthquake was in truth close to Lyttelton and only 10 kilometres out from Christchurch Central city. The err unmatchableous belief line that ruptured and caused the earth quake was the 15 kilometre duty period along the southern march of the city from Cashmere to Avon Heathcoat estuary.The build-up of stress or printing press in the rocks below Christchurch The earth is made up of many tectonic plates. It is the movement of these plates that has created the geographical features of many countries. naked Zealand lies on the boundary between two of these plates The Pacific Plate and the Australian Plate. This boundary is most obvious along the Southern Alps. From this main ta int in that respect ar many smaller ones spreading outwards. Some of these spread into Canterbury. Before the 2010 and 2011 earthquakes it was not thought that there were any significant fault lines near Christchurch. instanter we k like a shot there are. Stress is not caused by the movement of tectonic plates, but more by when the edges of the plates jam against each other and s top out moving. The crush builds up behind the part that has jammed. Eventually the pressure is so great that the plate moves suddenly and this causes earthquakes.The build-up of stress and the sudden movement when the stress is released shakes the rocks deep down the stairs Christchurch. The fault lines under and near the city shake, causing the rocks to move. This causes the major earthquakes.The outer core of the earth is layer of molten rock. On top of this is the mantle. On top of the mantle is the earths encrustation that we live on. The mantle gets real hot and in thin places molten rock rise s to its top. Because of this hot and cold relationship, the crust on top is broken into tectonic plates. The movement of molten rock causes strength to be moved upwards into the crust. When the crust can no monthlong hold this energy, it moves along the boundaries of the tectonic plates. These boundaries are the weakest parts of the crust and will therefore be the first bits to break and move.Release of stressThe Port Hills fault line that caused the 6.3 magnitude earth quake in February was 15km long and stretched east to north east along from Cashmere to the Avon Heathcoat estuary. The fault line that caused the Feb 22 quake was one that was previously unknown close to the Port Hills. This fault line did not break the earths surface, so there was nothing visible for scientists to go and look at. Using instruments that measure earthquakes and earth movement scientists were able to determine exactly where this fault was and that the bit that actually moved, causing the earthquake was 15km long. Fault lines are the weakest part of the earths crust. When there is stress caused underneath by movement, the fault lines are the first part to move. It is a bit like a piece of glass if there is a crack in the glass that will be the first place where the glass will break. So pressure is released under the earths crust. The earths crust will actually hold a lot of this pressure. When the pressure becomes too a great deal for the crust to hold, the fault lines are the first bits to move. One of the ways scientists measure and record the fault movement was through the displacement of GPS stations, whose displacements were used to create the fault example model.http//www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Our-Science/Natural-Hazards/Recent-Events/Canterbury-quake/Hidden-fault The transmission of energy through the earths crustThe energy released when a fault line moves is like a stone being dropped in a puddle of body of water. It causes ripples to move out from the centre. The ripples are worst nearest the centre and they get smaller as they get to the edge of the puddle. The centre of an earthquake is the epicentre. When energy is released at an epicentre, waves of energy move outwards, causing the strand to shake. As the epicentre of the Christchurch earthquakes was quite close to the city, the energy that caused the ground to move under Christchurch was violent. If the epicentre had been elevate away the quakes would have felt smaller.There was movement up, down and sideways during the February quake. The block of land on the south side of the fault line rose astir(predicate) 2.5 metres this included the Port Hills. The land on this side of the fault alike moved westwards. The land on the north side of the fault moved eastward towards the sea.However, much of this movement was underground. The land has risen as much as 40 centimetres around the western side of the Avon-Heathcote estuary.The amount the Port hills has risenvaries a lot , under Lyttelton H arbour it has risen about 5 centimetres but at the base of the hills near the Heathcote valley, it has risen to a maximum of around 25 centimetres. As a result of the fault slip, areas like Bexley, Aranui, Wainoni, Avondale and New Brighton have sunk, mostly by less than 15 centimetres. Northern, northeastern and central areas of Christchurch have also sunk, but generally by less than 5 centimetres. Earth quakes / fault movements are measured with a sensitive instrument called a seismograph. Earth quakes baffle seismic waves and the seismograph is used to detect them.The magnitude of an earthquake depends on how big or small the fault is and the amount it has slipped. The seismograph shows the recordings made on the seismographs detected at the surface of the earth to determine how large the earthquake was. A short wiggly line that doesnt move very much means a small earthquake, and a long wiggly line that wiggles a lot means a large earthquake. Through the seismograph we get the R ichter ordered series. The Richter scale is a scale used for expressing the magnitude of an earthquake based on the height of the largest shake 100km from the epicentre. There are different types of seismic waves that can be detected there are P waves and S waves (primary and secondary) P-waves are travel at the greatest velocity through the earth making them the first waves to be recorded on a seismograph during an earthquake. S waves are transverse waves that travel slower than P waves but are more destructive because of their large amplitude.The effects on artificial structures and afterwardsshocksLiquefaction is a substance where strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by tectonic plates shifting or other rapid movement. Liquefaction occurs in kitschy soils. The water applies a pressure on the soil particles this controls how tightly the particles are pressed together. Before an earthquake, the water pressure is relatively low. However when the tectonic plates buzz off shaking it can cause the water pressure to build up to the point where the soil particles can readily move. Some Areas of Christchurch are more abandoned to others as some suburbs have up to 9cm of liquefiable substances such as sand and semisoft soil. These substances turn into liquefaction easily as they mix well with the water underground. Costal areas are also more prone as the soft sand mixes well with the water also. There was more damage caused by liquefaction in the central city and easternsuburbs than other places simply because it depends on the soil. Since Christchurch is built on marsh land our soil is very susceptible to liquefaction and there is very little we can do to stop it. Some Areas of Christchurch are more prone to others as some suburbs have up to 9cm of liquefiable substances such as sand and soft soil.These substances turn into liquefaction easily as they mix well with the water underground. Costal areas are also more prone as the soft sand mixes well with the water also. Most buildings that survived the Christchurch earth quake were wooden because when wood is shaken it is able to bend and twist with the movement, whereas for bricks and stone they cant move at all and just have to absorb the shock of the shaking which generally leads to buildings collapsing all together E.g. Christchurch Cathedral, CTV building and Knox church. Buildings like the Christchurch Womens infirmary survived through the September and February earthquake because its foundations are base isolated. Base isolation is when a building is separated from the ground that it is built on. Large plates separate the ground and the building. One plate is secured to the ground and the other is secured to the bottom of the building. During an earth quake these plates only move a little bit, absorbing most of the shock from the earthquake minimizing damage to the rest of the building.Also depends on the soil under the building, if it is prone to liquefaction or not. Some h ouses had liquefaction coming up through their floors damaging the foundations so much they had to leave their homes, and basements of office buildings or apartment blocks were flooded with liquefaction, making them un-use able.A tsunami didnt occur after the Christchurch earth quake because the epicentre was in land and no seismic energy was released under the sea. Tsunamis only happen when the epicentre is in the sea, making the energy from the earth quake ripple the water on to land. The big the earth quake is, the bigger the tsunami.Aftershocks?After shocks are a lots of smaller earth quakes that happen after the initial earth quake. They occur because the fault line that ruptured needs to settle down again and release stress, aftershocks are the fault lines way of releasing remaining energy. According to http//www.christchurchquakemap.co.nz/february there have been 8673 aftershocks since February 22nd 2011 as of Monday 19th May 2014. Including after shocks that have been so bi g they are classed as an earth quake of their own like the thirteenth of June 2011 and the 23rd of December 2011. After shocks do not occur in the exact same place, but they do occur along the same fault line and in the same region. The main earthquake has already happened and released most of its energy already, but further along the fault line the rocks are now out of place and the grinding between them causes more earthquakes (aftershocks).Bibliographyhttp//www.ipenz.org.nz/IPENZ/forms/pdfs/ChChFactSheets-Answers-critical-questions-buildings.pdf http//keithwoodford.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/understanding-the-christchurch-earthquake-building-damage/ http//scienceblogs.com/startswithabang/2013/05/10/where-does-an-earthquakes-energy-come-from/ www.scoop.co.nz/stories/SC1103/S00054/the-canterbury-earthquakes-scientific-answers.htm http//www.mona.uwi.edu/earthquake/quickinfo.phphttp//all-geo.org/highlyallochthonous/2011/02/magnitude-6-3-earthquake-rocks-christchurch/http//www.gns.cri.n z/Home/Our-Science/Natural-Hazards/Recent-Events/Canterbury-quake/Hidden-faulthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_ground_accelerationhttp//www.scoop.co.nz/stories/SC1103/S00054/the-canterbury-earthquakes-scientific-answers.htm http//file.stuff.co.nz/stuff/12-51/http//www.teara.govt.nz/en/historic-earthquakes/page-13

Bully Essay

Bullying Everyday thousands of teens wake up afraid to go to school because of the fear of being bullied. Bullying is an ongoing problem that affects millions of students negatively on a daily basis. Most people foolt realize how big of an impact bullying has on our society. There ar many an(prenominal) reason and effects of bullying. Although the reasons people bully others vary, there are many common factors seen in bullying situations. One of the main issues we see in bullies is that they spend a penny family issues such asparents fighting or money issuesChildren who are bullied have many negative effects. But the victims arent the unaccompanied ones who are affected. Bullying too affects those who bully, and those who witness bullying. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience effects such asdepression and anxiety, Health complaints, and Decreased academic achievement. Not only are the victims effects negatively affected only if so are to bullies themselves. Kids who bully others peck also engage in violent and other unfounded behaviors into adulthood. Bullying can happen anywhere from cities, schools, or at home.Why do young people bully each other? I think bullies can change because they are not born that way. I think that if they are treated better and respected more they can change. Most bullies bully others because they are treated badly or they have been bullied before by peers, family members or in school. I have a friend that used to bully others, but I told him to stop because I know he wouldnt like to be bullied. I kind of treated him like he treated others so he can feel what it feels like to be bullied.I guess you could say I was bullying him, but it was to tending others and himself because he could have done something beat out than bullying. It could have led to a bigger thing like him bringing a knife, gun, or a lethal weapon. If you care about someone you should help them change so they wont end up regretting their whole life. Teachers see bullying happening in classrooms and on the field, but they still dont do anything. 1 in 4 teachers see nothing wrong with bullying and will only intervene 4% percent of the time. The close to common reason cited for being harassed is a students appearance or body size. 2 out of 5 teens feel that they are bullied because of the way that they look. Sanchez 2 Professional have asked students how do they feel and why do they think bullies bully others and that what they answer. Some bullies bully because they dont feel like they run low in with the others. I think all this can be changed and we could all help out the ones that feel left(a) out. If we were all to help out everyone that feels left out, we would see a better school.I see students that bully others, but no one is brave enough to stand up and say something not even the victim. Some take it to serious and end up hurting someone real badly that they will do something they will regret forever. If teache rs were to care a little more and actually see whats going on around they could prevent all this. I think we could all make a change. work cited http//bullyfree. com/free-resources/facts-about-bullying http//www. dosomething. org/tipsandtools/11-facts-about-school-bullying

Information Technology Outsourcing Management

What is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a comp any(prenominal) sub turn offs its information technology related activities to be executed by a different high society. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a familiarity, the unbending greet of obligeing up and racetrack IT facilities and staffs was change magnitude as well. in that respectfore outsourcing solution was derived from companies need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource ar infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a alliance resolving its entire IT activities handled by a studyed vendor company on the companys behalf.Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting wholly its loading IT applications much(prenominal) as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence appl ications with advantage supplier. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary ca lend oneself of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the photograph of poor level of IT performance.Because no matter what labor a company is in, cost and pres real of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both(prenominal) end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company.Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations potty take hold of access to var iable IT skills and familiarity which potentially gouge improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT transmutations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. free to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations business amplification or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with exhaustively management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the roughly considerable problems the organizations image are the lack of desegregation between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be agreed since the vendor company could be serving the competitor com pany as well.In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT de deviatement from a service provider company, implementation of levelheaded collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and like business practices. The fact that familiarity transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration growth of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical.That is wherefore the people problems such as different interpretations of the contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated consummation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and governmental environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the server countries cheek civil war or natural disaste r happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practicesThrough weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing guardedly and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on wide management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company.Every company and every project has its own uniqueness thereof the service provider understands the elaborated requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side incline due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations core activities.In todays globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can suck its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the clients cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies operation.In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put driving into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices equivalent to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your companys operation at all times.In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the governmental situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees job performance.It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge over between partners making sure each side understand th eir roles and responsibilities. Legal boldnesss Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic.International prevalent laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, conspicuous, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information tribute all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example determine is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract.Inflation, delays, manpower and bodily shortages and insolvency all essential be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host countrys tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought by means of because they pose the highest risks on the organizations domestic and international operation.When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own innate secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host countrys security environment by measuring how hard-hitting the laws referred to apt property, copyright, digital hacking and impingement of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in todays most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine.Therefore seaward IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of ones IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market.US companies trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and indite agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up such written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources http//www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-0 34? age=0,0 http//blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http//www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge demoralise 2006 8, 2 ABI/ asseverate spherical Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Information Technology Management 2005 8, 2 ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. comInformation Technology Outsourcing ManagementWhat is IT outsourcing? IT outsourcing is an arrangement in which a company subcontracts its information technology related activities to be executed by a different company. In the past several decades, as the role of information technology grew in the performance of a company, the fixed cost of maintaining up and running IT facilities and staffs was increasing as well.Therefore outsourcing solution was derived from comp anies need to achieve superior performance of IT functions with minimum amount of cost. Major classifications of IT functions that companies outsource are infrastructure and applications. Infrastructure outsourcing refers to a company resolving its entire IT activities handled by a contracted vendor company on the companys behalf.Application outsourcing stands for a company subcontracting only its core IT applications such as ERP systems, document management systems or Business intelligence applications with service provider. Benefits and Risks Although it is obvious that primary cause of increasing trend of outsourcing is a cost factor, many other benefits come along with outsourcing. Outsourcing allows companies to shift their whole attention on the quality of their core activities without facing the vulnerability of poor level of IT performance.Because no matter what industry a company is in, cost and pressure of having in-house IT solutions require the company to be an expert in IT industry which is difficult to achieve for any size organizations especially for entrepreneurs and small businesses, slowing down their productivity as well as slowing down the economy. Subcontracting IT activities to a specialized vendor company is indeed a win-win situation for the both end, enabling the organization to upgrade its IT performance and providing business to the vendor company.Moreover, with outsourcing, organizations can get access to variable IT skills and knowledge which potentially can improve their efficiency, and outsourcing makes accommodating any new IT innovations or changes in any industry easier to handle for organizations. Needless to mention the benefits of savings on investments in IT related infrastructure which can be spent towards organizations business expansion or something equally important. The benefits mentioned above can be substantial only if outsourcing is practiced arefully with good management. Otherwise, oversights of important issues can bring significant complications to the organizations. Based on the stories of unsuccessful outsourcing practices, the most considerable problems the organizations encounter are the lack of integration between vendor and client, hidden costs of training, miscalculation of proficiency of the vendor company, and sometimes differentiation of the client company can be compromised since the vendor company could be serving the competitor company as well.In terms of a company outsourcing its entire IT department from a service provider company, implementation of good collaboration and communication with each other often requires some time and patience from both sides due to the differences of cultural, geographical and preferred business practices. The fact that knowledge transfer is the most important term in IT outsourcing implies the integration process of vendor and client companies is more virtual than physical.That is why the people problems such as different interpretations of th e contract, conflicts of two cultures and lack of preparation for integrated operation occur very often and if ignored, they could result negative impacts on both companies. Legal, economic, geographical and political environments of the country in which the client company outsources its IT activities are the most important but often ignored factors. When the host countries face civil war or natural disaster happens, the recovery costs the companies encounter are usually incalculable. IT outsourcing best practicesThrough weighting the positive and negative impacts of outsourcing carefully and planning the shifting process step by step, companies can successfully implement outsourcing to its daily business practices and convert it to one of its competitive advantages easily. Recommended best practices of IT outsourcing usually focus on good management and good assessment of choosing the partner. Maintaining good communication with your service provider before and after signing on the contract is also an essential part of setting up a sustainable IT solution for any company.Every company and every project has its own uniqueness therefore the service provider understands the detailed requirement is necessary. And the difficulties both side face due to the cultural and geographical differences can be resolved by committing to good communication. For example leaders of both sides should agree on set, clear objectives and stay committed to them when circumstances change. Although the cost reduction is the primary motive of outsourcing, overdoing it can compromise the organizations core activities.In todays globalizing world, importance of maintaining good IT performance is greater than ever to the organizations wellbeing so that pursuing the lowest cost can have its own price. The reason why is that the vendor companies are also business institutions depending on their profits therefore in order to meet the clients cost requirement they sometimes cut corners such as hiring under qualified staffs which consequently affect the quality of the client companies operation.In order to make the integration process easier, the outsourcers should put effort into finding compatible service providers. It is important to make sure that your service provider has organization cultures and preferred business practices similar to yours since they will become a part of the organization. Another essential outsourcing practice is to consider the service providers experience and capacities to assess whether they are skilled enough to maintain your companys operation at all times.In terms of choosing their partner, organizations also should consider any expected future changes in the market and their future expansion plans as well as their competitors IT performance level. Political and social environments of the countries in which the vendor companies operate, should not be out of concern. Outsourcers should always be aware of the political situation of their host countries as well as social factors that could influence the quality of employees job performance.It is recommended to outsourcers to keep presence of representative on-site as a middle man so that they can have some kind of coordination over the execution of the IT activities. Representatives also work as a communication bridge between partners making sure each side understand their roles and responsibilities. Legal aspects Legal aspects of IT outsourcing might be the most complicated issues the enterprises encounter since it involves various types of laws such as international and domestic.International common laws such as Intellectual Property, Copyrights, Patent, Trade Secret, Privacy and Information security all need to be considered when a company makes an outsourcing related decision. Any outsourcing contract addresses the tangible and intangible issues and their legal implications as well as procedures in order to avoid lack of clarity. For example pricing is very important aspect of IT outsourcing contract and any possible uncertainty related to the pricing of service should be stated on the contract.Inflation, delays, manpower and material shortages and insolvency all must be concerned and put on the contract to regulate when situations mentioned above happens. Also outsourcing contract should be flexible to adjust any changes in performance, quality, and suitable to host countrys tax law, pension laws to solve staff related matters. Intangible issues on the other hand should be carefully thought through because they pose the highest risks on the organizations domestic and international operation.When companies outsource their entire or partial IT function, the risk of their customers valuable information such as social security numbers, medical history, credit card information to be exposed gets higher as well as their own internal secret information. A company must do risk assessment of the host countrys security environment by measuring how effec tive the laws referred to intellectual property, copyright, digital hacking and violation of privacy are. Unfortunately laws pertaining to privacy protection are not so effective in todays most popular IT service provider countries such as China, India and Philippine.Therefore offshore IT centers and outsourcing companies must establish strong system together to protect themselves as well as their customers. Intellectual Property and Patent laws have strong presence in USA and European countries but they differ in host countries. Illegal use of ones IT innovation such as software, source and know-how are not the front line concerns of governments of foreign countries right now, so outsourcers usually face tremendous risk of their intellectual property stolen and used against their products in the market.US companies trade secrets are also totally dependent on mutual trust and written agreements between two parts. There is no law enforcement system in the host countries to back up su ch written agreements. Basically, US companies pursuing offshore outsourcing as an IT strategy must consider domestic and international laws extremely and craft their outsourcing contracts focused on to minimize any risks they may encounter in unfamiliar legal environment. Sources http//www. infoworld. com/d/adventures-in-it/13-best-practices-it-outsourcing-034? age=0,0 http//blog. everythingcu. com/2006/02/12/the-many-downsides-of-outsourcing/ http//www. cio. com/article/40380/Outsourcing_Definition_and_Solutions A Legal Perspective on Outsourcing and Offshoring, Sam Ramanujan Sandhya Jane Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge Mar 2006 8, 2 ABI/INFORM Global Outsourcing best practices Outsourcing and Offshoring The New IS Paradigm? , William R King Journal of Global Information Technology Management 2005 8, 2 ABI/INFORM Global www. wikipedia. com

Conflict and Communication Styles Within Families

Conflict and Communication Styles Within Families There argon many areas to be explored underneath the Communications Studies umbrella making it quite difficult to narrow down a specific subject to write ab let out(a). After performing some seek I chose to discuss troth and communication styles in spite of appearance families. Conflict seems to be an inevitable event in all-interpersonal relationships and the way one manages such negate fuel determine how the rest of the relationship may be influenced. According to Wilmot and Hocker (2005). Conflict is usually a struggle between at least two parties who convey indifferences in goals.Families tend to deal with this issue differently based upon communication patterns, perceptions and environment. As aforementioned the way competitiveness and communication is dealt with can differ within families based upon their communication styles or patterns. I thought it would be interesting to further study why this happens. Many families face difficult struggles, which can a great deal be quite volatile and troubling. How family members deal with these struggles not only affects personal development but it can also affect younger children, what they learn from family conflict and how they can be impacted by exposure to such conflict.The first article I chose is Family Communication Patterns and Conflict Styles in Chinese Parent-Child Relationships written by Qin Zhang. The purpose of the study that was conducted was to investigate Chinese family communication patterns and the effects on childrens conflict styles and perceptions of parent-child relationships satisfaction (Zhang, 2007). The study undercoat that Chinese family communication patterns are much conversation-oriented than conformity-oriented, and the collaborating and accommodating styles are the childrens most preferred and the competing style the least preferred.A conformity-oriented family values the harmony and interdependence of family members, co nflict avoidance and childrens obedience to parents (Fitzpatrick, 2004 Koerner & Cvancara, 2002 Ritchie 1991). A conversation-oriented family values the individuality and independence of family members and spontaneous and unconstrained interactions (Koerner & Cvancara, 2002 Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 1997 Ritchie, 1991). The second article I chose was Family Communication Patterns and the Conflict styles Young Adults Use with Their Fathers by Rebecca Dumlao and Renee A.Botta. This study examines the marry between family communication patterns between sticks and young adults to conflict styles and management. The levels of conformity and conversation encouraged by the young adults fathers also encouraged styles of managing conflict (Dumlao & Botta, 2000). Collaborating and accommodating were found to be the most consistent styles of conflict predicted by father type. Collaborating requires significant commitments of time and communicative effort to find a solution that mutually benefic ial.A father who promotes substantial communication is more likely to raise children who us this skilled style (Dumlao & Botta, 2000). Accommodating is when on person gives in to anothers wants which a good deal correlates with a family that encourages conformity. Young adults with fathers who encouraged conformity were often more accommodating during conflict. Comparison and Criticism Both articles vary drastically but still introduce good insight in regards to families and how factors such as cultural background or parent-child relationships can have a great effect on how conflict is resolved.In the first article, I found it interesting how culture can be a major influence on how conflict is handled and perceived. According to Hall (1976) Chinese culture is high context, collectivistic and has large power distance. Before reading the article I assumed, since the Chinese tend to be a more reserved and high context people that they would be more likely to avoid conflict. Tradition al Chinese culture places great emphasis on harmony, face, relationship, and filial piety, which gives rise to the preference of conformity orientation (Ho, 1986 Hsu, 2002 Wu, 1996).That being said, it was very interesting to see that my assumptions were wrong. I was somewhat surprised to see that study findings show how Chinese parents have moved from conformity orientation to conversation orientation. Zhang (2007) states The shift of family communication patterns might actually reflect the gradual transformation of Chinese culture from a highly hierarchical society to one that endorses equality and freedom. Although the second article does not have to do with cultures it still touches on families and the way conflict is handled and resolved.What intrigued me about this article is that it takes about conflict with young adults and specifically their fathers. Ive always been close with my father so I was interested to find out how different parenting skills can affect young adults i n how they deal with conflict now and in the future. There were various hypotheses during this study but one that stood out to me was that young adults with protective fathers will use higher levels of both accommodating and avoiding styles with their fathers than those whose fathers are not protective (Dumlao and Butta, 2000).I found this interesting mainly because I snarl like I could relate to that assumption and it was fascinating to see the hypothesis to be proven true. In the findings it states that there are limited options for an individual who may come from this type of family those being to give in or dont get involved at all. This spoke volumes to me because this is how tended to act/react in my relationship with my father, who was in fact, very protective. Once again, the articles are different but at the same time very similar. Both deal with conflict, families, and relationships between a parent and child.I dont think us, as a society, realize how cultural backgrounds , parent-child relationships, and environment can affect us at such an too soon age in how we deal with and resolve conflict with one another. Im not too sure how I could apply this to my daily smell or future endeavors since my conflict style has slowly been embedded in me since I was a child. I have taken the time to analyze myself though and reflect on how my culture and upbringing have effected the decisions I make and reactions towards conflict. Recently, in another class

International Business Strategy Hill

external calling Strategy FALL 2010 Course system 1. motivation and description of the kind Companies today confront an increasing array of choices regarding markets, locations for key activities, outsourcing and ownership modes, and organization and processes for managing crosswise outside(a) borders. This course focalizees on the world(prenominal) dimensions of strategy and organization, and provides a framework for formulating strategies in an increasingly interlacing world. The goal of this course is to provide the foundations for taking effective action in the multi-faceted world of supranational business. 2. ourse structure The structure of this course follows a logical sequence where first the internationalistic milieu is analysed in relation to the international strategies of firms. Next, we study the optimal screen background of the firm across geographic markets, and whether a firm should diversify or expand its ambit across different geographic markets. Such a scope economy can either be demand side, when the firm can simulate a strategy that works well domestically in a country that was previously missing that product or service, or supply side, when a firm seeks to exploit a worth(predicate) resource from within a new market.In the first case, a firm arbitrages a product or a strategic capability into a new market whereas, in the second case, it arbitrages the factor cost advantage of a new market. We will also see that in order for the firm to extend the scope of activities to a lower place its own management to a foreign country, there has to be some market failure present preventing that firm from simply licensing or selling its valu adequate to(p) resource to an indigenous firm or buy it from an indigenous firm in the case of supply-side scope economies. As most cross-border expansion of significance soon occurs through and through M&A or alliances, we look at the particular hallenges such operations entail for the firm. Final ly, we examine how the off-shoring of activities whitethorn help firms to better argue in the global economy. Method The course proceeds through a combination of lectures, tuitions, and making use of the case method. You should have completed the set readings precedent to a class and be prepared to answer the case questions in class. This means that you should have read the assigned case for a class and be prepared to answer the questions on that case. Some classes have Optional readings, which are simply listed in case you have particular interest in reading further on a topic.Case analysis involves an enhanced role for class discussion, supplemented by lecture material. Generally, the goal of class discussion is to arrive at a collective analysis of the issues presented by the materials. Analysis of international strategy issues is not accomplished through the routine application of formulas, but rather through reasoned analysis under conditions of limited information, uncert ainty, by individuals and groups from different backgrounds and with particular schemas and ways and structures of organizing knowledge.With a case, you should be able to identify the key issues, problems, and opportunities facing the interchange protagonists, to articulate and evaluate alternative approaches to tackling the problems, and to describe the course of action that you recommend and the reasons for your recommendation. Case selection criteria in part includes variation across contexts and you should be able to port and apply the frameworks, concepts and tools from one case, context and part of the course to another. Course adaptations The principal textbook for the Course isHill, Charles W. L. 2011. International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace. NY McGraw-Hill International Edition (Eighth Edition). Readings from this textbook are supplemented by cases and other readings. 3. assessment Individual grades for this course have two components Class attendance + assignments(25%) Written exam (75%) 4. course overview and materials 27 September Introduction and course structure Globalization and regional integration Learning Objectives Explain the phenomenon of globalization Explain wherefore managers today regard a global perspective absorb the effects of globalization on markets and production Explain how technology and innovation support globalization Globalization versus regional economic integration Business strategies and regional integration. Reading Hill, Chapter 1. Globalization Chapter 8. Regional Economic Integration. Optional Reading P. Dicken. 2007. Global Shift mapping the changing contours of the orb economy, 5th edition, London Sage Publications. October What makes countries and regions different? The role of culture, institutions and political and economic systems. Learning Objectives Identify the business and economic implications of differences in culture Understand differences in political and economic system s of countries Discuss the role of public policies in relation to the conflict of a country Explain how indicators of a countrys competitiveness can help firms decide where to locate production activities.Reading Hill, Chapter 2 case Differences in Political Economy. Chapter 3 Differences in Culture. Optional Reading E. Thompson, National emulousness A Question of Cost Conditions or Institutional Circumstances, British Journal of Management, Vol. 15, 197218 (2004). 11 October International trade theory, foreign deal investment and competitiveness Learning Objectives Explain the evolution of different trade theories Discuss the relevance of the New trade theory and Porters diamond Discuss the importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world economy, and the changing patterns of FDI over time Present different theories that explain why a company would undertake an acquisition rather than a Greenfield investment Explain horizontal FDI, and suggest the conditions un der which it may be most applicable Explain vertical FDI, and suggest the conditions under which it may be most applicable. Reading Hill, Ch. 5, International Trade Theory,Ch. 6. The Political Economy of International Trade Ch. 7. Foreign Direct Investment . Optional Reading Dunning, John. 2009. localization and the multinational enterprise A neglected factor? (+ Comments). Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 40, No. 1, 5-41 The Global Competitiveness Report, 2010-2011, World Economic Forum, Geneva 18 October Successful FDI promotion how regions seek to influence corporate FDI For corporate FDI to be palmy, it should pre-empt or be aligned with the FDI priorities of the host country and region.International businesses cannot achieve perdurable advantages if it is out of sync with the aspirations of policy makers in the go-to locations. Hence executives should seek to understand such aspirations and the related strategies. This module explores how policy makers seek t o make their constituencies more beautiful for FDI. It addresses the challenges that both National Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) and Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) face to develop successful strategies and to see these through to implementation.In this context, the module will bury both the offer that IPAs and RDAs can provide to corporate FDI decision makers, as well as the delivery thereof. Real life examples will be utilize to understand what works and what doesnt work today both for mature economies (e. g. Western Europe), transforming economies (e. g. Central Europe) and emerging economies (e. g. Asia). Learning Objectives Understand the prevailing economic ontogenesis concepts and FDI promotion strategies Explore the pros and cons of the strategies Understand the prevailing inducing schemes that regions use to attract corporate FDI Understand the EUs policies towards incentives Distil common guidelines for policy makers Understand what corporations can a nd should do to capitalize on local economic development concepts and FDI promotion strategies. Optional Reading Michael E. Porter, 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press 25 October The Strategy of International Business Creating measure out from internationalisation Learning Objectives Understand how internationalisation can create range Measure the contribution of an internationalisation strategy Assess the business model of the firm in an international context. Discuss how firms should handle the complex international environment Suggest the reasons why firms may decide to enter international business, and identify the benefits from international strategies Case CEMEX Reading Hill, Ch. 12, The Strategy of International Business, pp 419- 447 Extra note The value of a global strategy the ADDING framework. Extra note Adapting the business model to international markets. give-and-take Questions 1) What benefits have CEMEX and the other global competitors in cem entum derived from globalization?Use the ADDING framework in answering this question. 2) What explains the better than average performance of CEMEX? How does this relate to industry specific factors and the competition within the industry? 3) What makes CEMEXs internationalization process so effective? What procedures and techniques are used? 4) In what other countries could CEMEX profitably expand its business? What are important factors to be considered for debut new markets. 1 November Holiday 8 November The Strategy of International Business Design and implementationLearning Objectives Outline the basic strategies undertaken by MNEs, and specifically focus on how they relate to the needs for local responsiveness and cost minimization What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a global strategy? Discuss how firms should handle the complex international environment. Reading Ghemawat ,P. redefining Global Strategy, Chrossing Borders in a World Where Differences Matter, Harvard Business School press, Cambridge, MA, 2007. Chapter 3 Global Value Creation. Case BRL Hardy Discussion Questions ) What are the driving forces behind BRL Hardy to become a global company? 2) What is the source of tension between Stephen Davies and Christopher Carson? How effectively has Steve Millar handled the differences? 3) Should Millar approve Carsons marriage proposal to launch Distinto? Why or why not? 4) What recommendations would you make to the organization concerning the conflicting proposals for Kellys revenge and Banrock Station? What would you decide to do as Carson? As Millar? 15 November The Organization of International Business Organizational architecture of the International firm. Learning Objectives Identify the different kinds of organizational structures and internal control mechanisms that international businesses can use to manage global operations Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and decentralized decision systems Present t he basic types of organizational forms that multinational firms use Describe the control systems and integrating mechanisms available to multinational firms Show how the organizational architecture, control systems, integrating systems, and decision making choices multinational firms have available must be consistent with their strategy and industry environment.Case BRL Hardy Reading Hill, chapter 13, The Organization of International Business, pp 449-484. Optional Reading Verbeke, Alain, Kenworthy,. Thomas. 2008 . Multidivisional vs metanational governance of the multinational enterprise, Journal of International Business Studies, 39( 6) 940-956 22 November Growing internationally to become a world leader. The case of AB InBev. Invited lecture by Mr. Beni Roos, former executive director Interbrew 29 November first appearance foreign marketsLearning Objectives Present the advantages and disadvantages of six different modes of entering new countries and markets Bring together t he issues of FDI theory and the issues of strategy and organization to better understand why different firms may make different decisions regarding the best modes of entry Case Lincoln Electric Reading Hill, chapter 14, Entry Strategy and strategic Alliances, pp. 487-518 Optional Reading Kim, W. Cha, Hwang, peter. 1992.Global Strategy and Multinationals entry mode, Journal of International Business Studies, 23, 29-53. Discussion Questions 1. Put yourself in CEO John Stropkis shoes. Should Lincoln Electric expand into India by investing in a major production facility there? 2. If you were to expand into India, would you enter through acquisition, a greenfield site, or some type of conjugation venture? Which factors would inform your decision among these entry mode choices? 3. In which countries is Lincoln Electric likely to be most successful or least successful? Why?How would this guide your own choice of where to place Lincoln Electrics production facilities abroad? 4. When Lincol n Electric goes to India and other countries, what factors should determine how much it adapts its core incentive pay-for-performance management practices to local labour market norms? Should Lincoln Electric follow the adage when in Rome, do as the Romans do, or should it seek to always replicate the recipe behind its success in the home plant in Cleveland? 6 December Cross-Border Arbitrage and Outsourcing Learning Objectives Understand cost, resource, and market-based advantages of on-shore, near-shore and off-shore locations and their implications for roles of operating units, and how to exploit differences across countries to directly create value Present the phenomenon of outsourcing jobs from advanced nations, such as the United States or Western Europe Understand that while much oversight is paid to the economic differences across countries such as through offshoring and outsourcing there may be important arbitrage differences based on cultural, administrative, and geogr aphic differences.Reading Hill, chapter 16, Global Production, Outsourcing and Logistics, pp 562-586 Optional Reading Ferdows, Kasra, 1997. Making the most of foreign factories. Harvard Business Review (March) 73-88. AT Kearney, 2009. The shifting geography of offshoring Lewin, Arie Y. e. a. , 2009. Getting Serious About Offshoring in a Struggling Economy, Shared Services News (February) 19-23 Discussion Questions 1) What are corporate risks associated with outsourcing, and what can be done to mitigate these risks? 2) Are wage arbitration based outsourcing tactics soon to become redundant as result of global wage cost escalations? 3 December Setting up international strategic alliances Learning Objectives Discuss the role of strategic alliances, their advantages and disadvantages, Highlight the factors critical to making alliances work Reading Hill, chapter 14, Entry, Strategy and Strategic alliances, pp 487-518 Optional Reading Reuer, Jeffrey. (2004). Strategic alliances Theory and evidence. New York Oxford University Press. Case Lasserre, P. Flament, A. Fujimura, S. Nilles, P. , Renault and Nissan A marriage of reason. INSEAD (2001) 20 December Review session

Hezbollah Essay

al-Jihad, Arabic for Party of God, is also known as Moslem Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, the Organization of the suppress on Earth and as the Revolutionary Justice Organization (Global Security, p. 1). al-Jihad (also Hizbullah and Hizb every(prenominal)ah) is a Lebanese social, political and paramilitary organization founded in 1982. al-Jihads historical and political background was the Israeli Defense Forces comportment in Lebanon (1982-2000), the Lebanese Civil War (1979-1990) and the plight of Arab Palestinians, many an new(prenominal)(prenominal) of whom had f conduct to Lebanon, where their presence changed the historical balance between Muslims and Christians (Bennett, 2005, p. 214).In the war, Lebanons various religious communities vied for power and al-Jihad was established as by Shia to strengthen their traditionally weak political position, with help from Iran and Syria. Committed to making Lebanon an Islamic state, to the liberation of Israeli occupied territ ory (which it claims means dismantling the Israeli state) Hezbollah was named a terrorist organization by the USA in 1994.One scholar describes the organization, which has seats in Parliament and in the Cabinet, runs a large social benefit program, as a moderate, mainstream political party (Harik, 2007, p. xiv). Harik says that Hezbollah is considered a legitimate resistance force all over the Arab and Muslim worlds (p. 7). Azani discusses Hezbollah as a social protest movement (2009, p. 1). This raises the question whether the US is correct to label Hezbollah a terror organization and why it does so? Harik says that no whizz has ever proved that Hezbollah has ever attacked a civilian (p. xiv) or that it was responsible for attacks on US personnel (p. 193). In responding to these questions, what follows examines the history of the organizations, its aims, programs and activities and why the US regards it as a terrorist organization.The Shia in LebanonModern Lebanon was created aft er World War I, when the Great Powers defeated the Ottoman Empire and divided the Middle atomic number 99 among themselves as League of Nations mandates. These newly created states were to be given independence when they were considered ready for self-determination. The Lebanon became a french mandate. Lebanon was religiously diverse, with Christians in a teensy majority, followed by Sunni Muslims, followed by the Shia. Under four centuries of Ottoman rule, the Shia were suspected being Irans fifth column. Consequently, the community was impoverished and underdeveloped (Norton, 2009, p. 12).Under the French, an attempt was made to voice power between the main communities. The Marionite were given the Presidency, the Sunni the office of Prime Minister, which left the Shia with the Speakership, a position with far weaker constitutional powers (Norton, p. 12). This was based on the 1932 census, which, says Norton, was the decision official census ever conducted in Lebanon (p. 12). This arrangement continued after independence in 1943. The Shia community in Beirut was very small most lived in the s knocked out(p)h and in the Beqaa valley. Azani says that the political awakening of the Shia began in the 1960s and 1970s, led by Imam Musa al-Sadr, a Shiite ecclesiastic with the characteristics of a religious and political leader.Born in Iran to a Lebanse family he studied at the great centers of Shia learning (p. 48). From 1959, al-Sadr was Mufti of Tyre and in less(prenominal) than two decades he succeeded, with strenuous activity, charisma and high rhetorical ability, in organizing the Shia community, characterized for hundreds of years by passivity and isolationalism, and in mobilizing it into collective activity for the actualisation of social and political goals (pp. 48-49). The influx of Palestinian refugees into South Lebanon upset the traditional power of the Shia elite in the region.The increasing politicization of Shia leaders in Iran impacted their role in Lebanon. From the 1970s, the number and influence of clerics increased, with al-Sadr and the future founder of Hezbollah, Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, leading a movement that wanted to bring round an Islamic revolution in Lebanon, following the Iranian revolution of 1979.The Lebanese Civil War and the founding of HezbollahOn the one hand, the Shia in Lebanon were finding their political voice, encouraged by co-religionists in Iran. On the other hand, the security situation in Lebanon was deteriorating. The tradition of good relations between communities was good luck down with Christians being depicted as pro-Israeli, while Muslims were aligned with the Palestinian cause. April 13, 1973 a Christian paramilitary group ambushed a Palestinian bus in retaliation for the killing of a Christian earlier that day (Bennett, 2005, pp. 213-5).Fighting began between different communities, Sunni, Christian, Druze and Shia. In 1976, unable to stop the fighting the President asked the Syrians and other Arab leaders to end the war. Bennett remarks that as a result of the civil war, the word Shia entered the Western vocabulary (p. 215). The revolution in Iran would reinforce the words presence in the media. It was in the context of the civil war that Hezbollah was founded. The Palestinian Liberation Army was raiding Israel from across the border. Al-Sdar mysteriously disappeargond in August 1978 (Norton, 2009, p. 29). This led to Israel invading Lebanon in June 1982, and to Hezbollahs formation.From the start, commit to liberating Palestine, Hezbollah also raided across the border. However, its immediate aim was to end Israels presence in Lebanon. surrounded by spring 1983 and the summer of 1985, Hezbollah launched an unprecedented wave of suicide bombings which included an attack on the US Embassy and US Marine branches in Beirut in October 1983 and the US Embassy annex in Beirut in September, 1984 followed by the taking of Western hostages, according to Glo bal Security (p. 1).Hezbullahs Aims and StructureThe organizations Consultative Council has 12 senior scholars at its head and a Directing Council under its Secretary-General.. The organizations charter sets out three objectives1. to expel the the Statesns, the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon, putting an end to any colonial entity.2. to submit the Phalanges Christian militia to a just power and bring them all to justice for the crimes they submit committed against Muslims and Christians.3. to permit all the sons of Lebanese people to determine their future and to choose in all liberty the form of government they desire. Hezbollah calls upon them all to pick the option of an Islamic government, which alone is capable of guaranteeing justice and liberty for all. Only an Islamic regime can stop any further attempts at imperialist infiltration (Richardson, 2006, pp. 83-4).Hezbollah and IsraelFrom 1978, a UN force was deployed in Lebanon to oversee the filmal of Israeli forces under Security Council Resolution 425. However, it was not until 2000 that Israeli troops were completely withdrawn. Until then, Hezbollah carried out attacks on Israelis targets. After the withdrawal, Israeli continued to launch missile strikes and raids into Lebanon and Hezbullah in retaliation, launched rocket attacks in Northern Israel on an almost regular basis (Bajpai, 2006, p. 594). jibe to Global Security, Hezbollah operates against Israel in four main way1. brimging terrorists and collaborators through the border crossings usinf foreign documents.2. setting up a terrorist organization inside Israel and Judea, Samaria and the Gaza strip.3. cross-border trading operations smuggling weapons and terrorists4. financial support for Palestinian organixzations and groups.Others do not use the word terrorist but represent Hezbullahs activities as legitimate resistance to Israel, which has defied UN Resolutions to withdraw from all occupied territory. Bajpai writes, even a fter its formal withdrawal from Southern Lebanon in 2000, Israel engaged in frequent military incursions (p. 594). In 2004, the UN called for the disbanding and disarming of all Lebanese militia (Resolution 1559). However, in the elections of 2005, Hizbollah won 14 seats (out of 128), and was awarded 2 footlocker posts.By 2008, Hizbollah had eleven out of thirty cabinet seats (Council on opposed Relations, p. 1). In the 2009 election, it lost a seat but still received 10 seats in the 30 members Cabinet. Hartik says that Christians have supported Hezbollah, which makes it harder for its enemies to float the fundamentalist stereotype of a raging gang of religious fanatics whose main aim was to put enemies of the faith to the sword (p. 79).Other Christians are outspoken in criticizing Hezbollah as the stooge of Syria and Iran and as setting itself up as a state within the state (Azani, p. 231). As well as carrying out military or terrorist action, depending on the commentators persp ective, it spends millions on welfare and education work, funded by Iran. In 2006, Hezbollahs operatives go across the Israeli border and captured two IDF soldiers. This came a month after Palestinian operatives had captured an Israeli soldier (Global Security, p. 1). In response, a 34-day war followed during which Israel launched air strikes, killing 56 citizens including 37 children (Bajpai, 594). As a result of this war and Hezbollahs resistance, its popularity within the Muslim world increased.The war ended with a UN brokered cease-fire and some other Resolution calling for the disarming of all militia. Hezbullah did succeed in preventing a full-scale invasion. The Global Security report on Hezbollah states that in accompaniment to funding from Iran and help from Syria, the organizatuon engaged in fund-raising around the world (p. 2). The report makes no mention of its extensive social program but the Council on Foreign Relations however describes it as a major provider of so cial services (Council on Foreign Relations, p 1.)Acts Attributed to HezbullahIn addition to the acts mentioned above, according to CFR, Hezbollah lists the 1985 hijacking of TWA flight 847 and the attacks in Argentine on the Israeli Embassy (1992) and on a Jewish community center (1994). Azani refers to links with other organizations across the globe. He lists an attempt to destroy US ships in Singapore in 1995 and arrests of members in 1997 for planning an attack in a US Embassy. The 9/11 shroud said that Al-Qaeda operatives train at Hezbollah camps (p. 203). He refers to other arrests made in 1999 and in 2001 when plans to attack targets in South and North America were foiled. He says that the global network is spread across forty countries and every continent, including Europe where activists have also been arrested.In Germany, two charities funding the organization were bar down (p. 205). However, Hartik points out that while Western attention focuses on its guerilla activiti es in the Lebanon it is social welfare activities that attract support, making it in her view a mainstream organization. It has achieved more in this field, she says, than any other party (p. 81). On the other hand, it has refused to disarm. After 2001 and the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers in NY, the US has repeatedly asked Lebanon to debar Hezbollah down and to close bank accounts. Lebanon has refused to do this, claiming that Hezbollah is not a terrorist organization, which Syria also denies. Syria is one of four countries considered state sponsors of terror by the US State Department. In April 2010, reports began circulating that Syria had given SCUD missiles to Hezbollah. Syria denies this.

Macbeth Critical/ Analytical Study Essay

Guilt is a very strong, uncomfortable feeling that is often a progeny of adepts own actions. In the play, Macbeth, the author William Shakespeare uses character development to demonstrate how crime cease be self-destructive and ultimately carry to a negative impact on an individuals mental stability. Macbeth, peeress Macbeth and Macduff every last from a depravity tripy conscience which affects them in different ways moreover ultimately apparent motions them to behave irrationally. A persons guilt and disgrace has the power to drive them to insanity and sometimes self-destruction. Macbeth starts out as a brave, heroic individual who is widely respected throughout his country. However, behind the valiant image is a secret that is slowly eating away at him. Macbeth is a murderer. The guilt and shame commence when Macbeth allows himself to be manipulated to confide such a beastly act.When he starting time experiences his guilty conscience, he mistakes the feeling as fear. This is first evident just before he murders King Dun crapper and Macbeth has a vision of an imaginary gummed label. Is this a dagger which I see before me,/ the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. (2.1.33-34). He realizes that the dagger is just an image in his mind, but decides that it is a result of his fear and continues with the task. This is the first point where Macbeth cross-files a sign of a mental breakdown, although he is still able to ideate somewhat rationally. This ultimately evolves into a hardened Macbeth and causes him to continue with his horrific actions until he is out of control. The murder of King Duncan is followed by the murders of many others, including his imminent friend Banquo.The build-up of guilt begins the affect Macbeths mental state more and more until he can no longer think straight. He begins to hallucinate and on occasion has visions of the apparition of Banquo. The ghost first appears at the banquet, where Macbeth sees the blood y image of Banquo sitting at the dinner table. His horrific reaction alone shows the guilt he has for the murder, and the fact that no other guests at the banquet are aware of the ghost confirms that the ghost has been made up in Macbeths head. This is the point at which the mental illness begins to take over, cause Macbeth to behave insanely as well. The guilt and shame of his actions is what in the end destroys him. The murder of Macduffs family is the of import example of how rampant he becomes it is the unnecessary murder of the complete innocent.Macbeths disgrace is obvious progress the end of the play, where he informs Macduff that he would not harm him as he is already guilty of murdering his livelong family. But get thee back my soul is too much charged/ With blood of thane already (5.8.6-7). He proves this when he has an opportunity to kill Macduff but instead backs down. This is the point in the play that represents the self-destruction of guilt. place of revenge, Mac duff soon after slays Macbeth, taking his life. With such a build up of guilt and shame madcap him to the point of insanity, Macbeths mental instability eventually took over and led him to his own destruction. Macbeths married woman experiences similar guilt, although is affected by it in a different way. Lady Macbeth is the individual who first instigates Macbeth to commit his first crime.She has a considerable amount of ambition for power, and is not afraid to execute any sympathetic of horrific offence in order to get the power she wants. After the murder of the King, Lady Macbeth does not show signs of disgrace like her husband, in fact she arranges Macbeth that they need to forget about the crime all together. Things without all remedy/ Should be without regard whats done is done. (3.2.13-14). However, guilt still haunts Lady Macbeth, but it haunts her in her subconscious. She makes it clear that she is unable to sleep at night and that she is disturbed by nightmares. Althou gh, Lady Macbeth is scarcely involved with the initial murder of Duncan, the several murders that follow are out of her control. Her idea of covering up and forgetting about the crime is soon taken over by an out of control guilty conscience.She begins to show remorse for the actions, but her guilt is what drives her to her insanity. The point at which this is evident is when she is found sleep walking one night. During her soliloquy, memories of the night of the murder tumble out, revealing some of her guilty secrets. The Thane of Fife had a wife. Where is she now? (5.1.30). I tell you again, Banquo is buried he cannot come ons grave. (5.1.44). This is also the point at while Lady Macbeths mental instability begins to show. She starts hallucinating that she has blood on her hands from the murder that she cannot seem to drizzle off. Out, damned sport Out, I say (5.1.25). Lady Macbeths shame overpowers her, leaving her incapable to think or act rationally and her conscience is what ultimately causes her to take her own life. Lady Macbeth loses control of her emotions and guilt and her shame overwhelms her to the point of suicide.Macduff is another character who is consumed with guilt as well, but for a different reason. His guilt is not for any crimes he has committed, but it is a result of one of Macbeths. Macduff leaves his family alone at their family line in Scotland, while he travels to England in order to gather forces to stand against Macbeth. Because of this, Macbeth sees him as a terror to his power and does anything he can to stop him, just as he has to any other individuals who came crosswise as a threat. While Macduff is away, Macbeth murders his wife and children, as well as any employees found in his house. Macduff blames himself and feels guilty for leaving his family alone to be slaughtered. Sinful Macduff,/ They were all struck for thee Naught I am,/ non for their own demerits, but for mine,/ Fell slaughter on their souls. (4.3.231-234).Ma cduff then shows his firsts signs of inability to think rationally as a result of this guilt. His immediate reaction Is revenge on Macbeth, and he is then driven by the idea of his murder. Macduff vows to kill Macbeth on his own blade. When he achieves his wish of revenge and frees the country of Macbeths tyranny, he does so in a way that was no better than the acts of Macbeth. Even when a persons guilt is brought upon them by an act which is out of their control, it can still affect their mental state and cause them to lose control of their emotions.No matter the individual, or their title, guilt can take over anyone. both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth had guilt that led to their own self-destruction. Macduffs led to an irrational decision and a result no better than that of Macbeths actions. When individuals allow their emotions take over their actions it to a lack of ability to reason, it can drive a person mad and ultimately lead to their own downfall.

Memory

Three players ages 19, 19, and 20 were asked to rocken to three lists of delivery whose contents ranged from low to high association. The low-association list was defined by row that had no particular relation to each other. Conversely, the high-association list was characterized by wrangle that had very close relationships with each other, whereas the in-between list of medium association contained words among which loose relationships existed. to each one list contained ten words. The three lists were read to each participant in a slow and dictatorial way, leaving an interval of approximately one second between the calling of each word. Each participant was then given a minute to write down as many words as they could recall.The average progeny of words commemorateed from the low-association list was three (3), which represents a low level of recall for concisely term remembering. This is consistent with the idea that the brain employs a short-term memory system that is ab le to verify limited information, and this can be done for notwithstanding a short time without the abet of semantic prompters (Brown et al., 1985). The group of words on the low-association list contained almost no semantic prompters, as these words belonged to no specific category that could have been called up in the outline of the persons involved in the experiment.As a result, the first few words called in each list allowed the participants no leeway to use schema as a mnemonic device for recalling them. Relying therefore only on short-term memory, the participants were able only to remember a small portion of the words. It is also important to note that those which were remembered were the ones located near the intercept of the list. This indicates that the effort to remember those later words nullified any earlier efforts made at memorization, and so removed the earlier words from the participants short-term memory.The second list of words containing a limited number of relate words (medium association) showed a recall level for the participants of approximately six (6) words. The final two words on the list were recalled by two of the participants, and the other recalled the last word. However, the few words on the list that were related were universally recalled by the participants. The experiment apparently enabled them to make get in touchions among the related words and to further connect them to a category in their schemata.This occurrence points to the tendency of the mind to categorize the information it receives, and the long-term memory of these participants appears to have been activated by associating the related words to their appropriate category. This categorization is most likely the component that careed the short term memory of the participants, allowing them to recall a greater percentage of the words (almost in two ways as many) than they were able to recall from the first list.The third list contained words that were all highly related to each other. The experiment demonstrated even more the extent to which semantic categorization has the ability to aid short-term memory. The participants remembered an average of approximately nine (9) words on the list. This represents a vast increase over the previous two tries. This part of the experiment indicates the participants appeal to their long term memory as an aid in memorizing the contents of this list.For instance, despite the fact that the words on the low-association list were familiar words, their ability to remember them was compromised by the fact that they had no method of selecting them from all the other things that reside in their memories. Conversely, the fact that the words from the third experiment were all members of a particular category allowed these participants to use the taxonomic feature of long-term memory to aid recall in this memory experiment (Brown et al., 1985). The parallel trend of increased memorialization alongside incre ased association therefore underlines the importance of schema in the enhancement of memory.ReferenceBrown, A. S., S. L. Whiteman, R. J. Cattoi & C. K. Bradley. (1985). associable strength level and retrieval inhibition in semantic memory. The American Journal of Psychology. 98(3) 421-432.

Business management Essay

Introduction shapingal cultures signify to the sh bed norms, values and expectations that govern the way people interact with one another and approach their melt. Organizational cultures can be managed by the senior staff by changing the employees view towards their work deed. Diverse companies or brass instruments use different approaches to manage organizational culture. For organizational culture to be managed in successful manner, cargonful assessment of the changes to make is valuable. This ordain ensure support from the workers and other leaders for they will be able to get the purpose for it (P arek, 2006).Organizational culture is an important aspect in each court. It has great impacts in the change programmes of the organization. Strong cultures call for been known to obstruct performance and most of the organization managers are struggling hard to manage it. Through assessment of models and application of the current public and clubby sector operations, organizati onal culture is easy to administer. In addition, ecesisal cultures can be arrive atled by establishment of an out(prenominal) rather than an internal orientation which is associated with less control focus. Organizational managers should strive to administer the cultures with awareness so that success can be achieved and reduce the shortcomings brought about by lack of culture management issues (Pareek, 2006).How important are organisational subcultures?In order to successfully run an organisation, the management need to create subcultures for they have be to work best resulting to good performances. Subcultures consist of groups of people within a given culture who distinguish themselves from the well-built culture to which they belong. Organisational subcultures give responsiveness and freedom that a certain culture in the administration whitethorn be in a order of limiting. The subcultures allows the organisation be able to generate diverse responses to the meet without ne cessarily intruding its internal consistency. It is clear that subcultures have some properties which are in a position of reinforcing the organisations culture. For instance, the subcultures differ from the extent they dispute the overarching traditions (Mullins, 2013).Subcultures often appear in response to variable demands and can provide as an outlet for members to articulate arguments and disputes arising during chaotic times. Subcultures also present methods for changing less central principles which are important factors in any organisation. With organisational subcultures, free interaction is enhanced particularly to the workers. This motivates the employees for they are able to present their problems or views to their leaders in a confident manner which makes them feel comfortable (Mullins, 2013).What is management?Management is the organisational process that involves calculated planning, locating managing resources, objectives and installing financial and human possess ions which are a necessity in achieving the organisations goals and measuring the outcomes. Management includes storing particulars and recording facts for later use and those which are important within the organisation. Management functions are not only limited to the managers but everyone in the organisation is involved in the administrative functions. For instance, the workers in the organisation are involved in the reporting line as their work. Management reaches out the organisational goals by working through and with people and having control of the resources in the administration (Mullins, 2013).Management also involves a function that coordinates peoples efforts to accomplish the organisations stipulate goals by use of the resources available in an efficient and effective manner. Management also involves functions of which when applied, administration becomes successful. several(prenominal) of the most essential functions required during management include organizing, inf luencing, planning and controlling. This mostly applies to the supervisors and the managers in an administration. Planning involves devising of tasks which are required to be accomplished within the given period of time. Influencing involves motivation of the workers. It also involves say of the organisation members to the direction that makes them be able to fulfil their goals. Controlling involves gathering if information that compares the present performance established to the previous ones (Mullins, 2013).Is bureaucracy a bad thing?Bureaucracy is defined as a form of leadership in which a group of people is given the responsibility of setting rules and regulations especially in an organisation. It may have negative effects particularly when decisions are made when the workers in the organisation are not given a chance to express their views for instance. This form of leadership consists of many departments of which are arranged in a descending order. The decisions made by the most senior department have to be discussed further in the other divisions and therefore leading to time wastage (Pareek, 2006).Bureaucracy also discourages innovations and creative thinking in the organisation since the selected decision making body is always permanent. Application of this form of leadership makes the employees relapse morale during work particularly when they are not comfortable with the rules that govern them. On the other hand bureaucracy is also associated with a some advantages, for example, tactical decision making is easy because a few number of individuals is involved. Standardisation in the place of work is also efficient for the group in leadership is able to effectively ensure that work is perfectly performed (Beetham, 1997).ReferencesBeetham, D. (1997). Bureaucracy. Minneapolis, Mn University of Minnesota Press.Pareek, U. (2006). Organisational culture and climate. Hyderabad, India ICFAI University Press.Mullins, L. J. (2013). Management and organis ational behaviour.

Essay on protection individuals from abuse

Identify two reports on serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. Write an account that describes the unsafe practices in the reviews. Abuse can happen anyplace anytime, but especially to vulnerable people. I have researched into two show windows report for abuse in adults. The Winterbourne case and the Orchid View case. Six precaution workers at the Winterbourne View care home were given prison house terms for cruel, callous and degrading abuse of disabled patients. Orchid View care home was mark Britains cruelest care home with disuse stemming from institutionalised abuse contributing to the deaths of five elderly residents.Staff at Winterbourne care home were using unsafe practices, They were caught on CCTV slapping vulnerable residents, soaking them in water and trapping them nether chairs, staff were caught physically abusing these residents as well as emotionally and verbally abusing them by taunting and gent at them. The individuals were not able to defend thems elves, this is an abuse of power and trust. Winterbourne were putting profits before humanity, it was leave with a view to profit and with a lack of interest to its residents or staff.Poor working practices are seen here, mavin member of staff stated that he was originally shocked by the ill treatment of patients at Winterbourne yet became use to it over time. This is unsafe practice, not reporting incidents is also abusing the residents as they are quench in danger. It was this member of staffs responsibility to report what was happening. His behaviour was inappropriate. Unsafe practices were also seen in the Orchid View case. There was multiple accounts of maltreatment to elderly people in this home, there was institutionalised abuse through off the home which started at a very early stage and nobody did anything active it.The home was mismanaged and understaffed meaning that the environment was not safe for the residents. There were several severe cases of neglect in this hom e, residents were left soiled and unattended while others were locked in their rooms. Another lady has a fractured mortise-and-tenon joint left undiagnosed for days. There was so many incidents of neglect reported in duty of in-person care, another being unsafe administration of medication, for example failing to check the dosage. One lady had been overdosed and whence her medical records were destroyed when it became clear she needed medical treatment.This is also inappropriate communication, not giving out the appropriate paperwork. Police and social workers where called into the home later a whistleblower reached breaking point after being told there was 28 errors in administrating drugs in a single shift. This shows the failure in ensuring supervision and staff being trained correctly. In both of these homes residents came into them to be looked after and to feel safe, yet preoccupied their dignity, independence and some even their lives because of the unsafe practices bein g used and the abuse not being reported soon enough.