College Players Should Get Paid Essay Example for Free

College Players Should Get Paid EssayIn the world, college athletics grows and continues to take aim large financial benefits to colleges, universities and even sponsors. This leads to many debates concerning the payment of the athletes. Some people think that scholarship paid to colleges for these student athletes is enough while others claim that the payments capability make them to leave the college early for participating in the athletics. Division 1 college athletes should be paid.College athletes put their bodies on the line just like the pros do. Wide receiving system Martin Brown tears his ACL and his wisher in football is over. Defensive tackle Eric Legrand gets paralyzed from the neck down and his career in football is over. Wide pass catcher Dante Love gets a spinal injury and ends his career in football.Players do a lot for their communities. Like the Santa Ana college football team devoted a whole weekend volunteering in two charity events. Last year Ohio State did community service for a total of about 6,496 hours. Ole Miss has a political program call The Ole Miss Rebel Reading Program where they read to local elementary schools.The college athletes bring in a lot of bullion to their institutions. The players should receive some(prenominal) of this cash because without them the schools cannot be able to receive all the popularity and the money. College athletes make enough money for colleges that it would not hurt to exit some back. They should take better care of their student-athletes by paying them for their services.Many College athletes live in poverty because the money they get is not sufficient enough to pay for all of the expenses and basic necessities. The athletes that grad from colleges stay because their parents support them by giving or sending money to them. If college athletes are paid, there would be more athletes graduating from colleges. Paying athletes would be good for everyone and players would be forced to go for college education instead of only concentrating on the sports. The colleges athletes are not allowed to work hence do not get money to procure the necessities. This leads to players accepting any illegal money, cars, clothes, etc.Most college athletes dont turn professional, so the athletes wont have any working experience when they get into the real world. This would give the non-athletes and advantage in the working world over the athletes. Most of the athletes that have the opportunity to leave school and turn professional do so, because college athletes live in near poverty. To avoid all the illegal gains, the athletes should be paid. Marylands Gary Williams says . some of these guys are pretty poor coming here, and a lot of college students have some money you feel out of place, you dont feel competitive academically sometimes, and I think it could do a lot of goodIf colleges dont pay the athletes the professional leagues should. Professional leagues much(prenominal) as the NBA, NHL, NFL, and MLB use colleges as minor leagues. Most of the players in these leagues come from universities across the U.S.A. Since the leagues get the athletes from the universities, they should pay them the same way they league players. College athletes should receive money for all of their needs, or if they cant do this the athletes should be given the opportunity to work, which will assist them, learn about working in real world.

Food Ins. Essay Example for Free

Food Ins. Essay1. If animals should have certain rights, do you think those rights also apply to animals we raise for food, like chickens or pigs? are there any rights that these farm animals should have? If so, what are they? One animal does not have greater importance over another, such as wiz human is not more life worthy than another. In this case to say certain animals should have rights whereas others should not is wrong. So yes a hound dog and a chicken should have rights and the same rights. The more difficult question is what exactly these rights should be.It is reasonable to try to prevent the most obvious cases of gratuitous suffering or torture of animals, but beyond that, non-human animals yes deserve to be given rights, but cannot simply be granted. The animals are treated like scum, kept in the tenebrious with no concept of an forbiddenside world. Some rights they should be graced with are the right to the outdoors, and the right to roam. 2. How do you think farm animals should be treated? How do your ideas comparison to what you saw in the film? It seems as if each industry in the film has the power to define cruelty.This is as ridiculous as giving a burglar the power to determine their punishment. wherefore these industries are not charged with aggravated cruelty to animals is something I cannot understand. Is it not the same to kick a dog or kick a chicken with the same anger? 3. Richard Lobb of the National Chicken Council says in the film, In a way, were not producing chickens, were producing food. What does this affirmation mean? Do you agree or disagree with it? How might this perspective affect the way that chickens are raised? 4. Many of us were surprised to hear that corn whiskey is so prevalent in our foods.Why do you think we were so surprised? Of course people are surprised to find out corn is so prevalent because the problem is its not even just in foods When there is some kind of soy or corn in batteries, diapers, M otrin, charcoal, etc. you know there is a big problem. 5. Do you think the government and food producers have kept it a secret? Why dont more people know this fact? This unfortunately is not something you can blame on the food producers its simply the consumers disfigurement for not looking at the ingredients on a food label. I believe people do not know the facts due to ignorance and laziness.Bottom aviation is if people realize what is in their food they will have to make a change which is usually not cost effective and more sequence consuming which these days is very undesirable. 6. Food labels actually do list corn-based ingredients, but not always in a recognizable way. How do you odor well-nigh ingredients being included in your diet without your knowledge? If you have a question about something, isnt it common knowledge to ask about it. Google these days tells you everything you want to know and more so people can easily read the ingredients and research a word unknown to them.

The Process Of Building Social Relationships

The Process Of construct genial RelationshipsA fond kindred is an interaction of two or citizenry, also a affectionate theme. They be cogitated to fix the behavior of individuals in diametric modal values, as the saying goes, visual aspect me your friends and I tell you your character. At close to point near the great unwashed especially the women and also research shows that kind relationships reduce pain. When women are in a relationship they are happy because they build some single to lean on. Social support is seen as a very fundamental factor for two physical and mental wellness. Stressful and painful experiences drop be reduced through engaging in tender relationships as one leave alone maturate moral support and encouragement thus is adequate to(p) to face the problems easily. Building fond relationships begins as proto(prenominal) as at birth. That is the relation of the child with the m other(a) and the other family members. The process does not sto p in that location but goes to the clubhouse as one contracts up and be shape ups capable to decide where he or she wants to fit.In the past twist accessible relationships was much easier because most of the properties were communally owned that is to say that they shared a lot and thus interaction was easy and regular. Newman (2009) observes that the 21st century time is challenging and strange when it comes to deciding the kind of relationships one should go for in creating a foundation of ones fond liveliness. People may want to be in cordial relationships due to different reason. For example may be one want to good from the other and after getting what he or she wanted it comes to a time to withdraw. all in all the same it is important to note that building social relationships is very necessary to every individual.When building social relationships one must have the social interaction skills. These are behavior that support one be able to stick to the social relati onship because they keep you out of trouble and avoid conflicts. According to Bellini (2006) social skills are behavior that are learned and are socially accepted that help a somebody to be able to interact with other good deal without negative responses. He also notes that these skills the building blocks of a successful social relationships. This skills are usually taught by the parent to at that place children at a hearty age. All the same as one grows into an adult basically the very skills are still applicable in building social relationship.Another liaison that comes along in building social relationships is the art of being friendly to all. Every day we meet different flock with different personalities. It is therefore up to us to be able to fit and interact freely. We should have friendly skills homogeneous greeting people when we meet, be able to offer a devolve on to someone, shake hands, say words like thank you, am sorry, excuse me, please and umteen a(prenomin al) other ways that is friendly. Be able to treat people the same way you would want them to treat you. As the saying goes put your ego in ones shoes. In this way one is able to interact freely without many difficulties thus building social relationships.The factor of age or we can also say peer group also is important in building social relationships. This will help connectivity to be much easier because people of the same age tend to think more alike. Meersman and Tari (2003) observe that communication between people of the same peer group is easy and they refer this to architecture of communication. Here what they simply mean is that the construction of communication in such a social group is advantageously defined. These categories of people include the children, teenagers, young adults, adults and the old. Social relationships are based in this age set and you find they all act in the same manor.In the various societies that exit today we have social institutions and communit y organizations that play a major procedure in building social relationships. The family is usually seen as the most important social institution in the society because this is where one builds the foundation of his or her social life. We have other institutions like religious institution for example the church, temple, and mosque. The cultivate, hospital, peer groups, community based organizations, and not forgetting the working places. These are places where people from different back grounds meet and get to know each other thus interact. It is therefore important for people to always belong to one or as many as feasible of any this groups.We build social relationships to understand the knowledge of the mind. This helps us to continually monitor or check our own behavior and also be able to predict the behavior of those that we interact with. Bellini (2006) notes that the theory of the mind was coined by Permack and Woodruff (1978).this refers to the ability of one to understan d and explain the things that are not seen I a person directly. These include feelings, thoughts, beliefs, desire, and intentions. He continues to say that knowledge of the mind is a successful component of building social relationships.In building social relationship the element of trust is necessary. Once an individual decides to get involved with a particular social group it automatically means that he or she trusts the people they are interacting with and they too trust them. This is so because when one gets a problem for example, it will direct someone trust worthy to talk to. One who will keep your talk confidential. These kinds of people are the people we interact with daily and we have had enough time together so we are so familiar with them.Language is an aspect that is of value in that people look at in building social relationships. People can only interact headspring when a common language is used. This enhances good communication and understanding in the group. Gee (2 005) also sees language as an important aspect in social relationships. He further notes that in the interaction process people need to use the same social language. Different social groups have different social language. For example, children, adolescents, adults and the old all have different social languages that they use.In building social relationships people also base in there social values. These social values include things like sex, beliefs, roles, and veritable(a) structures. Depending on these values different social groups are formed. One would want to fit in a group that he or she will feel comfortable and proud to be there. It will help them to be constructive and optimistic. These values also help shape there daily life to there own interest thus happy people.Social relationships are also built basing on the family origin, unconscious motives, ones habits, genius, and relationships and life experiences. For the sake of a social relation lasting there is need to matc h this concepts to each person. This will ensure stability of the group by avoiding continual movement of members in search of a group where they best fit or that they find suitable to them.Change is inevitable in life and we as human beings should be able to adapt to the daily changes of life. When building social relationships people are expected to witness a lot of change in the social group. It can either be the members or that group itself changes. When this happens it is up to the social group to accept and adjust to the change rather than moving to other new social group. It does not have to be the same through out and that is why the members of a particular social group have to be always flexible.According to Young (1990) the social life of morality is not found in an individual person because it is comprised of a small structure of the self. He instead say that social morality is found in the relationship between individuals and the society. Here is where things like beli ef, trust and faith are found. It is also believe to shape human behavior so as to know good and evil. One will stay away from evil so as to belong to the society.Transparency is an important element in building social relationships. Because there is the element of trust people should be open in with they are doing in life. The issue of you cannot judge a book by its cover should not arise. Openness should be evident. Let the people know you as you are both in the inner self and outside and this should be the same. Activities of the group should also be carried out in a transparent manner as well, without having anything to hide.The need for human relation is also the reason for building social relationships. Every human being was created in such a way that they always have a sense of wanting to relate in any way. They a want to belong in a particular group or with other people apart from the self. These relations are a basic to every individual in life.The importance / advantagesTh e study of Newnan (2009) shows that building social relationships plays an important role in group ties in peoples daily life. He gives an example of Japan and India where people consider duty and sacrifice more than individual achievement or personal success. they believe that group connections is the best foundation for any individual wellbeing because it come along with things like loyalty, connection with people , responsibility of one self and other people as well and it also creates a sense of belonging.Building social relationships bring come with a lot of changes in the society. These changes include both individual development and the community at large. Rosenberg and Rehr (1983) say that the involvement of one in institutions like self help groups, social work, church, school and being close to your family helps reduce conflicts and they bring about development. This is through coming together to do social work or fund raising contributions and even come together to advoca te for changes in health care policies. Through this development the people are assured of a better living.Building social relationships also promote peace love harmony and unity in the society. This is true because people living together and there social life is well build up will not have conflicts. They appreciate each other and offer moral support to one another. Such a society will always it together as one and solve issues that may arise in a more organize way.Building social relationships is important in everyones life. This is because in times of depression and stress one always needs someone to talk to and relieve the burden. This now where the people you have been interacting with come in to offer that moral support. Just as we know that this an important factor both in physical and mental health of a person. Frumkin, Frank, capital of Mississippi (2004) note that social bond known to be a very important component of good health. They further state that isolation and lone liness are toxic while on the other hand social relationships are healthy.The 21st centaury has come along with diseases that are complicated. Some of these diseases include, stomach ulcers depression and many others. These diseases are not diseases that one can say that you go to the hospital and get treatment then you are cured. Doctors recommend that these diseases are controlled by the individual. The way one interacts with other people really matters. To avoid these kinds of diseases researchers indicate that one should build up as many social relationships as possible. This helps one to be able to avoid these diseases by sharing out there problems. As we know that a problem shared is a problem half solved.Building social relationships also help people get to know each other well and lead to marriages. People get to find there consummate(a) pairs and choose to spend the rest of there life with them. This leads to the creation of happy marriages and also happy families. Getting a life time partner is not an easy task as we all know but as one builds his or her social relationship in a good way, there potentials are noticed and they attract someone thus they propose and marry. Making them live happily ever after.Building social relationships help a person to have good problem solving abilities. It also helps one to think in a more flexible manor. This is basically important in the early stages of life and the parents have the task of ensuring that there childrens social life is good. The kind of games that a child plays and with who becomes the main issue that a parent should look at with keenness. This kind of interaction is what the child will live to adopt even as he grows older.People with stronger social network live longer. Research show that the mortality rate is determined by the social network of people in a place. This is true as social net work improves the health status of an individual. That togetherness gives an individual a reason for living . Research also indicate that in looking at two different sets of people, That is one in a marriage life and one who is single, they found that people in marriage live longer than people who are single. This is because in a marriage there is sharing of problems and also constant moral support.All human beings emotions are believed to be able to change another persons motives and feelings. In the process of building social relationships important factors such as this arises. Emotions are inter-personal and con not therefore be separated from the process of relating. These relationships change the feelings of a person in a positive direction. Bad people change and become good people with moral. The society is always there to encourage people to do good for the benefit of both the society and most importantly to the individual as a person.Building social relationships also come with some form of organization. The relationship it self shows that there was cooperation that triggered it. When we look at it in terms of a society we find that things are done in a systematic way. There is golf-club of the way issues are handled and a systematic way of doing thing. These in the long run avoid conflicts and the wastage of resources in the social group.Employment is created by building a social relation ships. This is mostly through net working or it can as well be through the formation of self help groups or social work. Employment means that one has a source of earning a living thus assured of daily bread. This promotes the living standards of an individual as well as the society at large. It reduces the problem of unemployment in the society.Building social relationships also reduce the aspects of immorality, theft, murder and all other devices that one can think of. This is true because social relationships in a society are meant to shape the morals of every individual. People become responsible for their own actions in lifeIn conclusion therefore we can say that bui lding social relationships is an inevitable process in the life of every person. This is so because it begins from birth. When a child is born that is when it begins to build its social relationship. At this point it is limited to the family level mostly influenced by the mother. This is the foundation and parents are careful. As one grow he or she now able to look at which social relation group he best fits. This as we have seen shape the personality of the individual into a better being. Going to social institutions such as the school, church and others also ply a major role in the individual. Social relationships cannot be avoided in whatever way and people should always be ready to be involved in them with a positive attitude.

Is religion a good force for the society?

Is trust a good force for the society?Is trust a good force for the society?The role of religion in our society has always been debated. Some people argon of the experience that, religion religious services in beating about a multifariousness in society, while early(a) believe it does the precise opposite. However, sociologists learn a different view on this. They theo leap out that religion adopts a middle path. It set downs about swap and as well acts as a right force.The notion that religion potentiometer help bring about a veer is rejected by many theories, including the theory of functionalism and Marxism. It is the exertion of such theories which have given birth to the view that religion is a force of conservatism. However, there is still difference between these two theories as well. Functionalists say that, the norms and values on which our society has been built are reinforced by religion. According to Durkheim, religion performs many functions. One of thes e functions is to ensure that there is distressony and stability in the society. For instance, functionalists say that, when people of the society pray together, it helps in making the society into a single unit. When people become a single unit, the accordance of the group increases the bond between the society members is strengthened. piety in other words is a kind of glue. In fact, its social glue, bingle that enables solidarity to prevail in society. For instance, Durkheim studied a society of traditional Aboriginal people. In his study, he got to know that totems are the main focus of this fateicular type of society, through which they doom their solidarity towards the values that they have learnt. This is atomic number 53 form of solidarity and integration of people into the society.On the other hand, Marxists have a different deem on religion. According to them religion brings about conservatism. They say that this is because, religion seeks to make sure that one cla ss is superior and dominant over the other. Marxists have the view point that, the current inequalities in our social surrounding is receivable to the fact that religion makes one class dominant over the other. The inequalities are mainly due to two social occasions. First and foremost, it is due to the ownership of the means to produce things and secondly, the people who act as employers are easily able to exploit the break awaying class. Marx famous lines on this believe is, Religion is the opium of the masses. He connect the drug opium to religion saying, just like opium, religion makes sure that people who are suffering great deal bear the pain and it takes them into a dream where they feel happy, when in fact the reality is quite the opposite. Religion is able to do this by, telling people that in the next life they go forth be given eternal bliss. This promise of bliss makes it easier for people to bear the current suffering and in this way religion justifies the inequal ity that prevails in society. tell apart consciousness is chase awayped from growing by religion. When there is no class consciousness, it is not possible to bring about a revolution. Thus in this way, religion prevents any kind of stir in society.Those who are Feminists alike agree with the theory, that religion is conservative force. They say the system of patriarchal is also a part and parcel of this conservatism. For example, the fact that in many religions women are not exclusivelyowed to be religious leaders and the fact that religions endorse the idea that women should stay and take parcel out of the family and that is what their role should be after marriage, also shows that there is some kind of conservatism prevailing, which wishes that the role of women should be subservient and this stance is endorsed by many religions.The preceding(prenominal) theories sewer be contri yeteed by many real life examples, which show that religion acts as a force of conservatism. O ne of the best examples, which support the view that Marxists have adopted is the Caste System in India. This cast system is to the full supported by the Hindu religion. One more(prenominal) indubitable example is the Medieval Europe Monarchs. Their right to rule was said to be their divine right. Their right to be the rulers was believed by the people of those times to be God-given. They had all the power and there was no one who could challenge them or any decision made by them. The above examples show the conservative force of religion. However, the task is that these theories entirely reject the fact that religion can bring about change in society. Therefore the statement is not supported in entirety. regular(a) though both Marxism as well Functionalism gives an account of religion which is plausible, but their views are criticized by other sociologists, who argue that religion is not a conservative force at all. In fact, they say, religion is a force, a radical force which helps to bring about a change in society. The one who h middle-ageds this view that, religion can bring about a revolution is Neo-Marxist Otto Maduro. He points to the catholic priests of the 1960s in Latin America, who used to criticize the bourgeoisie. These priests used to memorize the Theology of Liberation. It means to free people from their oppression using religion. In both social actions as well as political actions there was collaborationism between the Marxists and the Catholics. This was the main catalyst which gave birth to resistance and then direct to social change. Consequently in 1979 the Somoza regime in Nicaragua was overthrown from power. This was due to the resistance and change in which the Catholics revolutionaries played a huge part.Some more instances which show that religion was responsible for bringing about social change are also present. Another example of this can be seen during the time period of 1978 to 1985. During this time, Desmond Tutu who was the Archbishop during that time played a very important role in sulphur Africa, when he opposed apartheid. What resulted from his efforts was that, he was the first black person who became Cape Towns Archbishop and led the Anglican Church. Other examples seen by Nelson (1986) include the opposition to communism by the Catholic Church in Poland, as well as in America, where there was a black civil-rights movement. These examples show how authority was undermined and a change was brought in.weber, one of the most influential classical sociologists also supports the view, that religion is a force which can bring about change. He strongly believed that religion can bring about change and from this belief he came up with his famous theory which said that, Capitalism developed due to Protestantism. There are many types of Protestantism, but Weber has focused on Calvinism. This is because the skilled workers as well as the entrepreneurs were Calvinists, in all the countries where, Western Capitalism prevailed. Weber talks about, how social change was brought about by Calvinism, in his book titled, The Protestant Work Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism. Ascetic ideal was a very important factor in Calvinism, according to Weber. The ethic of hard work with lots of discipline is the basis of capitalism. In the early times, Calvinists followed the bible, their pleasures and entertainments were very simple and they lived a simple life, which was much disciplined. This led to the proper and correct ethics of work being developed, be spots capital. In other words, the right conditions of the economy and the religious belief in Protestantism was mainly responsible for the building of the system of Capitalism.But this theory that Weber came up with has been criticized as well. It was claimed by Eisenstadt (1967), that the development of the system of capitalism has nothing to do with the idea of Calvin. This is because, in countries like Italy, which were catholic, Protestant R eformation came out after Capitalism. Other people, who criticize Weber, talk about the fact that there are many other economic factors which helped to develop capitalism. Some of these factors include, democracy, the influence that immigrants have on the economy and people as well as freedom of religion. Many other critics have disagreed with Weber and said he was wrong because he did not interpret Protestantism properly, he did not locate capitalism properly and last but not the least(prenominal) and he did not understand universality. However, Weber had his share of supporters as well. Marshall (1982) says that people criticized Weber, because they were never able to understand his work. For instance, Weber simply demonstrated how Calvinism and Catholicism were related and how religion can bring change. He never said that there was any kind of casual relationship between the two.The good thing about the work that Weber did is that, his work is able to show us clearly how religi on has the power to change the society. The riddle with his view is that, it completely ignores the simple fact that, it is possible for religion to be conservative in some cases and thus the statement put forward in the question is not fully supported.Most of the sociologists believe in the middle path. They believe that religion has both sides. Religion can be a radical force which can bring about change and a conservative force which can stop the change from coming. It all depends on which religion it is and the circumstances that are prevailing in the country in which the change is coming. Thompson came out in support of this view. He identified the factors which are responsible for the role that religion will play in bringing change. For instance, he says that if there are no avenues which can bring change, like no political will to change then religion can step in to do so. Likewise, when such avenues are available (example economy), then religion will play a limited role and will have a more conservative nature.In the end we can say that, religion is indeed a conservative force as well as a force which brings about change. This position is supported by the evidence which has been put forward in support of both views. It shows that religion has the capacity to take on both roles, the role of acting as a radical force as well as a conservative force. The thing that will determine what role religion takes will depend on two things, the religion and the society in question. Even though both the conservative side and the radical side have their supports and arguments, it is better to have a wide-eyedr view if this, in contrast to a single view.wellness Promotion in breast feeding Smoking CessationHealth Promotion in Nursing Smoking Cessation universe Health IssueSMOKINGThe purpose of this essay is to account a public wellness issue related to a uncomplaining in my previous clinical placement. The patient Mrs M who was 35 year old woman diagnosed with lun g cancer as a result of smoking. To facilitate the discussion smoking as a public wellness issue has been chosen. The layer of change model and The water-loving Lives (2010) policy will be explored in relation to smoking. The rationale for choosing this topic is because smoking is an important public health issue. The good deal is very toxic to every human tissue it touches on its way into, through and out of the smokers body (Ewles 2005).The cost of smoking on the subject field Health Service (NHS), which has been found on the ASH poster. ASH is the campaigning group, which was established in 1971 by Royal College of Physicians RCP.It is a campaigning group which eliminates the harm caused by tobacco. Ash produced a poster with the cost of tobacco to NHS.ASH poster on the rate of smoking cost the NHS 2.7 billion yearly more than 50 million respective(prenominal)ly week paid treating infections triggered by smoking. Each week smoking financial records for an estimated 20 millio n spending on hospital admissions, 4 million on outpatients, 10 million on GP consultations, 1 million on practice nurse consultations and 17 million in treatment costs.Assuming 1996 amounts of recent and ex-smokers advocates. So advertising and Promotion bans can prevent the onset of smoking and help people to stop (WHO 2008).The ban compress consumption which was started by research.Saffer and Chaloupka 2000 stated that anti-smoking companies pressed for further obstruction on advertising and progression.Electronic cigarettes has been banned from showing on TV a restriction that some believe might confuse viewers (ASH 2014). It has been said that E cigarettes are not cigarettes. Tobacco Harm Reduction (THR) recommended that quitting all forms of nicotine is the best for smokers E cigarettes are used by 700.00 to 2.1million (ASH 2014).According to Peto et. al. (2003) cited in Ewles (2005), most premature deaths caused by smoking are Lung and coronary thrombosis cancer, chronic obstructive heart diseases and coronary heart diseases with 42800, 29100 and 30600 deaths respectively every year. In addition, smoking is known to also bring increased risk of many debilitating conditions like impotence, infertility, gum disease, bronchial asthma and psoriasis (Ewles 2005).Furthermore, through second hand smoking the health of other family members can be negatively affected. Percival (2009) indicated that second hand smoking can lead to rise in respiratory infection and infection in the lungs .Research shows that the families whose paternities smoulders are the ones who get infected (NHS 2013).The Blair regime introduced to help or guarding children of risk of damage. Blair management has introduced to aim upgrading in social services to security to inspire youths.The government indicated that smoking kills in a white paper. This campaign was to target reducing smoking among students from 13% to a 9% or less by (2010).They also tried to reduce adults from smoking from 28% to 24%, to reduce the ratio women who were pregnant from smoking.The Prochaska DiClemente (2000) Trans theoretical type of Change (TTM), will be used to highlight the role of the nurse in implementing a variety of therapies that can be used in decree to support Mrs Ms behaviour change. Public health is defined as the science and art of protecting and promoting health and wellbeing, preventing ill health and prolonging life through the organised effects of society (Faculty of Public Health 2010).Health promotion is a complex activity and is difficult to define. Davies and Macdowall (2006) describe health promotion as any strategy or intervention that is designed to amend the health of individuals and its population. However perhaps one of the most recognized definitions is that of the orbit Health Organizations who describes health promotion as a process of enabling people to increase avow over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health (WHO 1 986).If we look at this in relation to the nurses role in smoking cessation and giving advice to a patient, this can be seen as a positive concept in that with the availability of information together with support, the patient is then able to make an informed decision, thus creating empowerment and an instalment of self-control DOH (2013, manifest 25).Bright (1997) supports this notion suggesting that empowerment is created when accurate information and knowledgeable advice is given, thus aiding the development of personal skills and self-esteem.A vital component part of health promotion is health education which aims to change behavior by providing people with the knowledge and skills they require to make healthier decisions and enable them to fulfill their potential. goodly Lives Healthy People (2010) highlight the vital role nurses play in the delivery of health promotion with particular attention on prevention at primary and secondary levels. Nurses have a wealth of skills an d knowledge and use this knowledge to empower people to make lifestyle changes and choices. This encourages people to take confide of their own health and to increase feelings of personal autonomy (Karen.et.al 1999). Smoking is one of the biggest threats to public health, therefore nurses are in a prime position to help people to quit by offering encouragement, provide information and refer to smoking cessation services.In 2010 the white paper Healthy Live Healthy People set out the government long term policy for improving public health and in 2011 a new tobacco control plan was published (Department of Health 2011). The Whitepaper Healthy Life Healthy People set out a range of measures aimed at preventing people from starting to smoke and helping them to stop, such as banning cigarettes advertising on billboards, in size and action on tobacco intensified (DH, 2011).There are also smoking campaigners like Stoptober which is a regime campaign which has been encouraging smokers to q uit smoking for a month. These campaigns are done on TVs and radios on a daily basis.Gorvenment is using ways to campaign by advertising through these advertisements, papers and internet as well. Stoptober is a 28day trial which was said to work 5times more to stop individuals from smoking for good.The reason why Stoptober launched a campaign was to encourage people to take part of the smoking challenge. It started to give advice through the leaflets, posters, in order for people to stop smoking for a month. Research shows that 160 000 people managed to stop smoking for a month with Stoptober campaign.WHO defines health promotion a process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve, their health. It implies that the ideology moves beyond a focus on individual behaviour towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions. Naidoo and Wills (2010), states health promotion is based on theories about what influences peoples health and what are effective interve ntions or strategies to improve health.The Marmot Review (2010) stated that between 2001 to 2007, prevalence of cigarette smoking among women in manual household dropped from 34 to 28 percent. In Woodhouse, C. 2011 ,showed that between 2001 and 2008, there has been a decrease of smoking in the population of England. They further stated that since the 1980s the uptake of smoking among young people in England has decline, study by Ansell, Gu , Tuit and Sinha (2012) suggests that it is important for nurses to have good relationships with their patients in order to provide quality care which is well understood by their patients.In order to help Mrs M on her transitioning journey to smoking cessation there are therapies such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). These efforts have been successful in some cases of enabling patients to stop smoking however there is limited clinical evidence to suggest that this method would be successful in all patients (Rice and Stead 2000). Health profe ssionals are advocates of change in preventing smoking related diseases yet it seems during assessments they skip or hardly mention whether patients want to quit smoking as they blame it on lack of time and patient lack of motivation to quit. (DH 2011).To assist in the assessment process the model of behaviour change will be utilize such as Prochaska Diclementes stages of change model (1984). This works on the assumption that individuals go through a number of stages in other to change their behaviour. The first of the stages is pre-contemplation this is a stage where the individual has no intention of behaviours change. The second stage is contemplation at this point the individual is considering change. The third stage preparation, this is when the individual is preparing to change. The fourth stage, action, this is where the individual has to make a positive decision to quit, he works towards goals that are realistic and achievable, the need for support is very strong at this s tage. The fifth stage, is maintenance, this is the stage of new behaviour for example the individual has quit smoking and moved on to a healthier lifestyle.To select the most permit interventions, I need to know the patients present readiness to change. The patient currently resides in stage 1 (pre-contemplation) and this stage will determine the intervention that can be used to empower the patient therefore it is essential that an effective assessment takes place. In offering a prescription for nicotine replacement to a patient who is in the pre-contemplation stage is unlikely to be successful, because doing so essentially asks the patient to move from pre-contemplation to action without going through the necessary intervening stages AIPPO (2012). My role as a student nurse is to encourage the patient in the pre-contemplation stage to think about her smoking and to consider the possibility that smoking is a problem that needs attention.Being in the pre-contemplation stage suggests that the patient has some unresolved contradiction about change and thus needs help moving to stage 2 where the patient can start to prepare for smoking cessation. Brief interventions can be effective in the pre-contemplation stage and as the patient moves from one stage to the next. Effective interventions include the following educate the patient about the effects of smoking, recommend changes in behaviour, list options for achieving behavioural change, discuss the patients reaction to the nurses feedback and recommendations, follow up to monitor to reinforce behavioural change. This process, known as motivational interviewing, uses empathy rather than confrontation. It acknowledges that the patient, not the nurse, is responsible for ever-changing behaviour.In conclusion, it is evident that smoking is a vital aspect of public health and therefore a vital part of nursing practice. In particular, health promotion in daily practice is required to help patient to overcome the habit. Smoking is a major public health issue that continues to gift to social and health inequalities.References According to the Oxford Medical Companion (1994) cited World Health Organization (2008). WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic Geneva WHO 2008. legal action on Smoking and Health (2006). Smoking Statistics Illness and death. Online. Available from http//old.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact02.htmlAIPPO (2012). Stages of Change Model by Prochaska and DiClemente. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/transtheoretical_model.htmlASH. Use of electronic cigarettes in dandy Britain. 2014.ASH. Secondhand smoke. 2014Bright, J. (1997) Health promotion in clinical practice Targeting the health of the nation. London, Bailliere TindallCancer Research UK (2009). Lung cancer and smoking statistics. Online. Available from http//info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/smoking/.Christensen, M. Hewitt-Taylor, J. (2006) Empowerment in nursing Pater nalism or maternalism. British Journal of Nursing, Vol 15, issue 13, pp 695-699Department of Health (2010) Healthy Lives Healthy People. London, The Stationary OfficeDavies, M. Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory, Understanding Public Health. London, Open University PressEwles, L. (2005). Key topics in Public Health. Essential briefings on prevention and health promotion. London Elsevier Ltd.The NHS Information Centre (2008). Statistics on smoking England, 2008.Karen J.Berger, Marylin Brinkman Williams, (Appleton and Large). rudiments of Nursing Collaborating for Optimal Health, Volume 2. 3rd ed. 1999.Naidoo, J. Wills, J. (2005). Public health and health promotion. Developing practice 2nd ed. London Elsevier Ltd.National Health Services (NHS) 2013.Suzzane Noble, (2012). . In (ed), Clinical Text of Dental Hygiene and Therapy. 4th ed. John Wiley and son 2012. pp.e.g. (32-48).Royal College of Physicians. Harm reduction in nicotine addiction helping people who cant quit. A R eport by the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians. London RCP, 2007.Peto, R., Lopez, A., Boreham, J. et al. (2003). Mortality from smoking in developed countries 1950 -2000. 2nd ed. Oxford Oxford University Press.Prochaska etal (2000). Health attribution therapy. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from http//homepage.ntlworld.com/gary.sturt/health/healthat.htmProchaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1984) The Transtheoretical Approach Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Dow Jones Irwin, HomewooRice, Stead (2001). Nursing interventions for smoking Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000 PubMed NCBI. Re-trieved April 3, 2014, from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796619Woodhouse, C. (2011, June 24). 700 pubs closed by smoke ban, supermarket beer and tax rises News London Even-ing Standard. Retrieved March 24, 2014, from http//www.standard.co.uk/news/700-pubs-closed-by-smoke-ban-supermarket-beer-and-tax-rises-6414902.htmlWorld Health Organization (WHO) (1986) Ottawa Ch arter. (Online) available at http//www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa-charter-hp.pdf. Date accessed 11.12.10, 15.201

Definition of marketing research and processes

Definition of marketing search and processesThe European Society For creed and Marketing Research identify market look for as the systematic and objective identification, watchion, epitome, and dissemination of discipline for improving decision-marketing related to the identification and solution of problems and opportunities in marketing.(Malhotra. N and Birks. D 2000)In the book marketing look an integrated approach, Alan Wilson also point come out of the closet marketing investigate is about to provide schooling which should focus on customers, markets and competitors. That information will be used for making marketing decisions. Those information should be lay ined by wide range of sources and techniques, and because analysis, developed and applied. Marketing research also involves communication and dissemination, which will affect the decision makers and interested parties.Marketing research process there are sevener dance steps in marketing research process define the research problem, determine the research design, choose the manner for collecting primary entropy, design the sample, collect the data, analyze and interpret the data, prepare the research report. Though those steps, marketers will make conversant decisions or reduce the risk of their decisions. draw the research problemIn this step, the target of marketing research should be clarified. Research problem definition involves expressing the general problem and discovering the detail constituent of the general problem. Alan Wilson mentioned six issues must be considered in this step, the market environment, competitors reaction, organizations own plan, the effectiveness of companys previous marketing activities, the nature of new products and customer behavior.Define the research problem has been considered as the most fundamental step in a marketing research project. Research can only be designed and carried out if the research problem has been clarified. Joselyn considered no nhing is more(prenominal) important to satisfy customers requests than identify the correct research problem. All the following steps of marketing research process would be wastes if the beginning of the research, define the research problem, is misapprehended. A good metaphor of identify the research problem is compared to doctors give patients medical specialty and treatment. Illness can only be cured when right medicine has been given, wrong medicine sometimes is even more dangerous than the illness, and the most important thing for a doctor is to identify the illness. That is the same situation as marketing research process.Define the research problem also can be seen as a communication between decision makers and marketing researchers. Researchers commotion research supports as the decision makers require.Determine the research designAfter the problem has been clarified by marketers, to design the research is the next step of the unscathed research process. A research proce ss is a blueprint for managing a marketing research process. It provides details of information for figuring out the research problem. There are two general research design categories, secondary research and primary research.Secondary research is collecting secondary data which is some information collected before for some other problems, not directly for the current research problem. There are two ways to collect secondary data, innate data and external data. Internal data is information inside organization, which collect from sales report, consumer information. External data is the informations resource from outside company the resource could from unrestricted newspaper or other organizations report.Secondary research is widely used in marketing research process, the main reason of that is secondary data is well collected and also the low cost of the research process. Malhotra mentioned in his book there also seven advantages that secondary data can alleviate marketers. proto typic it can help marketers to identify the research problem. Second, it can develop an access to the problem. Third, it also helps marketers to create a sampling plan. Fourth, it will explicate a satisfactory research design. Fifth, research questions can be answered by using secondary data. Sixth, primary data will be interpreted by secondary data with more penetration. Last, it can improve qualitative research results.The disadvantages of secondary research are also very obvious. Too many data have been collect during research most of them are not even related to the research problem, so it will take marketers a lot of time to select and analysis these data.Primary research is using observation, qualitative or quantitative research to collect primary data. Primary data is defined as a sort of data originated by the researcher specifically to address the research problem. Three methods mentioned at the beginning of this paragraph are quite different from each other. poster resea rch poster research collects data without any questions been asked to research targets. Researchers become the witness of targets behavior, such as childrens behavior with a new toy, or TV viewing patterns. The observation research can be divided into several categories, 1, inborn versus contrived observation. 2, visible versus hidden observation. 3, Structured versus un incorporated observation. 4, mechanized versus military man observation. 5, participant versus non-participant.qualitative researchQualitative research is a less structured research process, which involves small samples of individuals. The purpose of qualitative research is to understand targets, not to measure them. Malhotra considered qualitative research is based on at least two intellectual traditions. One of them is building up ideas and combining methods from psychology. The other is the sterilise of idea and associated methods from sociology and anthropology. Both of these two traditions are related to the exploitation of communication between researchers and those been researched. Researchers chose qualitative research for tetrad reasons. First, in some research, questions are come to privacy or negative feeling that the research target nonvoluntary to give answers to them. Qualitative research question are not full structured questionnaires, by giving these kind of questions can avoid the issues that pile dont want to be asked. Second, subconscious feelings have huge affect on responders answers. Such as emotion, motivation or ego, these could always drive the thoughts, when responders try to answer the questions. Third, complex phenomena. With full structured questions, respondents sometimes have difficulties to find out the main picture of those questions, or they could just describe the situations but can explain the reasons to them. Last reason to use qualitative research is the holistic dimension. For example, a restaurant is doing a research about the satisfaction when customers having meal in the restaurant. The atmosphere that the consumers feel is the key issue to the research. And atmosphere can involve the music in the restaurant, the personal manner of the furniture, other customers, serves been provided. One question wobble cover all these points, but with small individual questions each part of the atmosphere can be asked, by join all these qualitative questions, the holistic view is build up.Alan Wilson described several types of research most suited to qualitative research in his book. Qualitative research is commonly used in three areas exploratory research, new product development and creative development research.Exploratory researchExploratory research always been used when a company decide to improve the understanding of consumer behaviors, emotions, attitudes and preference. For instance, more than one characteristic that the researchers would like to understand though the exploratory, they are consumer perceptions of a product f ield, identifying service or product improvements, the decision making process, dimensions that differentiate brands, product usage patterns and behavior and customer segments. utilize qualitative research in exploratory research will help the organization with object or information defines.New product developmentIn the new product development stage, qualitative research is also quite useful. It is effective to use qualitative research to find out the reaction of customers about the new product concepts and designs. In the stage of developing the concept into a communicable form, it is the time to use qualitative research to determine if the concept is developable, or guide the designers to improve the concept. afterward stage of product development can also use qualitative research, such as stage of design the paradigm of new product, or their packaging. Using qualitative research can help researchers build up confidence that the new product is developing though the right way.Cre ative development researchQualitative research is very important in creative development research it can assist in creating execution of advertising and promotion. Advertising office staff uses qualitative research to know the relationship between customers and products or brands. As same as advertising, in an organizations promotion plan, qualitative research can help the organization to achieve the communication objectives. Not only promotion but also the integrated marketing communication plan (IMC plan), which contents promotion and four other steps. Feedbacks, which could test the effectiveness of the IMC plan, are received though qualitative research.Quantitative researchQuantitative research is a full structured research approach, which involves large sample of individuals. The purpose of quantitative research is to measure the widespread of same attitudes and behaviors.Choose the method for collecting primary dataIn this step marketers will choose their method to collect pr imary data. All the methods can be divided into two kinds, survey method and observation method. subject area method.Survey method always involves three things, question, consultationer and respondent. The survey method can be divided into four categories by how does the questions been asked by the audienceers to the respondent.Postal surveyIn postal survey, selected responders will receive a mail with questionnaires, covering letter return envelope inside. Although the postal survey is a very important survey method and has been used for long time, the response rates are not amply it is between 20% to 50%. There are some advantages and disadvantages been list out by peter chisnallAdvantagesNation and international coverage lowly costNo interviewer crookRespondent convenienceGood for ongoing researchPiggybackingDisadvantagesLow response rateBiased responseLong respond timeInflexible questionnaireUnclear of who is respondingTelephone surveyThe majority of telephone surveys are ta ken for customer-type research and business to business. All interviewers stay in a same place call centre location, all the calls are made though the phones in centre location, this makes the interviewers been easily controlled. Fast and low cost are the other main advantages of this survey method. On the other hand, the disadvantages also very obvious, for example, short interview time can make a lot of misunderstandings to the question, sometimes customers do not answer the call, and consumers who do not have a phone cant be interviewed. These days more and more marketers pretend doing telephone survey but in fact trying to sell their products to the responders. This situation makes customers more unwilling to pick up phones to do telephone surveys.Face to organization interviewsThere are three types of face to face interviews, in-home or doorstep, executive and street. They all dower same advantages, such as it is easier for interviewers to motivate respondents to complete the survey long questions can only be used through this kind of survey interview can easily tell if the responders have difficulties in understanding of the question the interviewer can use different materials to help with the survey. To the opposite side, the major disadvantages are the high cost that the interview could take and the interviewer bias a problem.Online questionnairesThis is a new kind of survey method compare to the three methods analysis above. The keep change magnitude number of internet users makes online survey more and more popular. Like the telephone survey, the online survey also very fast and lost low. It is not like face to face interview because there is no interview bias but also different materials can be used during the survey.Observation methodObservation method is quite different from survey method. It does not communicate with the people interviewers only have to record the respondents reaction, behavior and attitude. It could happen in a natural or con trived environment. Compare observation method to survey method, the major advantage is there are no reporting bias and potential bias in observation method. And the main disadvantage of observation is, it is only useful to measure or record behavior and attitude.Design the sampleSample is a subgroup of the elements of the population selected for participation in the study (Malhotra, N. 1999). Design a sample in fact is a process of answering five questionsWhat type of people is going to do this study?Where those people are coming from?How to select these people?How many people are here in the study?How to consist the information collected from the study?By answering the five questions, the sample design process can be divided into six stepsDefine the populationDetermine the sampling frameSelect sampling techniquesDetermine the sample sizeExecute the sampling processValidate the sample

managing global Essay examples -- essays research papers

Assignment 1Managing from a global perspective requires managers to hand close guardianship to factors in the external environment, which may affect an institutions success. It may be, however, that factors in the internal environment will also influence success in a global environment. It is important for global managers to be familiar with the factors of the external environment and pay close attention to the management of the internal environment because factors from both(prenominal) the internal and external environments will most certainly influence the success of an organisation. Most importantly, managers may need to strategically optimise the internal environment for the peculiar(prenominal) properties of the external environment in which they operate. The performance of an organisation may not be special unless management of the internal environment, or the conditions constituteing within the organisation, is to the full optimized for the external environment.As a g lobal manager, paying close attention to the external environment is a prerequisite. The external environment is the different forces outside the organisation able to impact on the success of the organisation. The external environment in new and different countries may have elusive properties such as technology, well-disposed systems, politics, currency, and tax which the global manager need to consider and analyse. External forces such as the social and political systems ar of particular importance as they are the bingles most likely to influence an organisations success. Therefore these are the main factors to which managers should pay close attention so as to "understand the constraints under which they operate and the opportunities that exist" (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter, 2000, 141). By studying the specific political and social systems of a particular external environment managers suffer use their understanding of these systems to their advantage and develop e xceptional strategies based on their understanding. For instance, in some countries such as the Peoples Republic of China, one must be willing to open the back door if the front one is closed, in other words, managers need to understand the "importance of guanxi (connections) in doing business in China"(Robbins et al).      Managers working from a global perspective not only if need to know the different laws, tradi... ...ically integrated management decisions, especially when undertaking operations in new and different environments. The rapid spreading of telecommunications technology is a major influence affecting the compatibility of the external environment with the internal environment of an organisation. Through the use of technology in telecommunications and through paying close attention to the external environment, an organisation can operate and function as an open system and as a result the internal environment of the organisation can be opti mized for compatibility with the external environment and exceptional organisational performance may be achieved.REFERENCESRobbins, S. Bergman, R., Stagg, I. And Coulter, M. (2000). vigilance. 2nd ed., Sydney, Prentice Hall. pp.140-150Daft, R. L. (2001) Management, 5th ed., Sydney, Dryden press.pp.187-220Bartol, K., Martin, D., Tein, M. And Matthews, G. (2001). ManagementA pacific Rim Focus, Roseville, McGraw-Hill. pp42-63Davidson, P. And Griffin, R. W. (2000). Management Australia in a Global Context, Brisbane, John Wiley & Sons. pp. 37-54Fulop, L. And Linstead, S. (1999). Management A Critical Text,Melbourne, McMillan. pp. 48-65

Making Moral Decisions: The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model :: Philosophy

Making Moral Decisions The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium ModelABSTRACT This treatise is a contribution towards the understanding of why military man cannot agree on the foundation of morality and why moral pluralism is the logical constitution of moral reality. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium imitate is the model that leave behind describe how persons can learn moral decisions as pluralistic agents. If this model is correct, then it will not be a mod discovery, rather, it will be a new translation of how pluralistic agents do in fact make moral decisions. This synergistic-reflective-equilibrium description should then be utilizable not only in giving a fuller understanding of how moral decisions ought to be made, but also how moral philosophy can be united into a pluralistic collective whole. The startle part of this make-up defines the synergistic-reflective-equilibrium mode. It briefly explains how it is a combination of both the theory model of moral decision -making and the intuition model of moral decision-making. The second part of this paper defines mid-level principles and explains how they are a natural development of the synergistic-reflective-equilibrium method. It will then be shown that both Mill and Kant used this method in their own moral theories. Lastly, it will be shown how weighing and balancing and specification are integral components in this model and were also practiced by Mill and Kant in their moral systems. demonstrationThis treatise is a contribution towards the understanding of why humankind cannot agree on the foundation of morality and why moral pluralism is the logical constitution of moral reality. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the model that will describe how persons can make moral decisions as pluralistic agents. If this model is correct, then it will not be a new discovery, rather, it will be a new description of how pluralistic agents do in fact make moral decisions. This synergistic-re flective-equilibrium description should then be useful not only in giving a fuller understanding of how moral decisions ought to be made, but also how moral philosophy can be united into a pluralistic collective whole.I. The Synergistic-Reflective-Equilibrium Model The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is the position in which the justification of what is right or wrong is done by use neither a pure theory model, nor a pure intuition model. The synergistic-reflective-equilibrium model is a back-and-forth processstarting with particulars and going to the general and back to the particulars and so on and so forth. This is a constant process that never really comes to closure as new decisions are constantly having to be made.